Goosse (2015) Climate System Dynamics and Modelling : contents

• Hugues Goosse, 2015: Climate System Dynamics and Modelling. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-44583-3 (paperback, eTextbook). DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781316018682 [Masuda's memo (in Japanese) + table of contents]

Detailed table of contents

• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Main Symbols and Acronyms, Including Typical Values for Constants
• 1. Description of the Climate System and Its Components
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 The Atmosphere
    • 1.2.1 Composition and Temperature
    • 1.2.2 General Circulation of the Atmosphere
    • 1.2.3 Precipitation
  • 1.3 The Ocean
    • 1.3.1 Composition and Properties
    • 1.3.2 Oceanic Circulation
    • 1.3.3 Temperature and Salinity
  • 1.4 The Cryosphere
    • 1.4.1 Components
    • 1.4.2 Properties
  • 1.5 The Land Surface and the Terrestrial Biosphere
  • Review Exercises [This entry exists in other chapters, but omitted in the list below.]
• 2. Energy Balance, Hydrological and Carbon Cycles
  • 2.1 The Earth's Energy Budget
    • 2.1.1 The Radiative Balance at the Top of the Atmosphere: A Global View
    • 2.1.2 The Greenhouse Effect
    • 2.1.3 Present-Day Insolation at the Top of the Atmosphere
    • 2.1.4 The Radiative Balance at the Top of the Atmosphere: Geographical Distribution
    • 2.1.5 Heat Storage and transport
    • 2.1.6 Energy Balance at the Surface
  • 2.2 The Hydrological Cycle
    • 2.2.1 Global Water Balance
    • 2.2.2 Water Balance on Land
    • 2.2.3 Local Water Balance and Water Transport
  • 2.3 The Carbon Cycle
    • 2.3.1 Overview
    • 2.3.2 Oceanic Carbon Cycle
    • 2.3.3 Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
    • 2.3.4 Geological Reservoirs
    • 2.3.5 The Methane Cycle
• 3. Modelling the Climate System
  • 3.1 Introduction
    • 3.1.1 What Is a Climate Model?
    • 3.1.2 Types of Models
  • 3.2 A Hierarchy of Models
    • 3.2.1 Energy-Balance Models and Simple Dynamic Systems
    • 3.2.2 Intermediate-Complexity Models
    • 3.2.3 General Circulation Models
    • 3.2.4 Regional Climate Models
    • 3.2.5 Statistical Downscaling
  • 3.3 Components of a Climate Model
    • 3.3.1 Atmosphere
    • 3.3.2 Ocean
    • 3.3.3 Sea Ice
    • 3.3.4 Land Surface
    • 3.3.5 Marine Biogeochemistry
    • 3.3.6 Ice Sheets
    • 3.3.7 Aerosols and Atmospheric Chemistry
    • 3.3.8 Earth System Models: Coupling between the Components
  • 3.4 Numerical Resolution of the Equations
    • 3.4.1 A Simple Example Using the Finite-Difference Method
    • 3.4.2 Consistence, Convergence, Stability and Accuracy
    • 3.4.3 Time and Space Discretisations Using Finite Differences
    • 3.4.4 Spectral Representation, Finite-Volume and Finite-Element Methods
  • 3.5 Model Evaluation
    • 3.5.1 Testing, Verification and Validation
    • 3.5.2 Evaluating Model Performance
  • 3.6 Combining Model Results and Observations
    • 3.6.1 Correction of Model Biases
    • 3.6.2 Data Assimilation
• 4. Response of the Climate System to a Perturbation
  • 4.1 Climate Forcing and Climate Response
    • 4.1.1 Notion of Radiative Forcing
    • 4.1.2 Major Radiative Forcing Agents
    • 4.1.3 Equilibrium Response of the Climate System: A Definition of Feedback
    • 4.1.4 Direct Physical Feedbacks
    • 4.1.5 Transient Response of the Climate System: Ocean Heat Uptake
  • 4.2 Physical Feedbacks
    • 4.2.1 Water-Vapour Feedback and Lapse-Rate Feedback
    • 4.2.2 Cryospheric Feedbacks
    • 4.2.3 Cloud Feedbacks
    • 4.2.4 Soil-Moisture Feedbacks
    • 4.2.5 Advective Feedback in the Ocean
  • 4.3 Geochemical, Biogeochemical and Biogeophysical Feedbacks
    • 4.3.1 Concentration-Carbon and Climate-Carbon Feedbacks
    • 4.3.2 Interactions between Climate and the Terrestrial Biosphere
    • 4.3.3 Calcium Carbonate Compensation
    • 4.3.4 Interaction among Plate Tectonics, Climate and the Carbon Cycle
  • 4.4. Summary of the Most Important Feedbacks
• 5. Brief History of Climate: Causes and Mechanisms
  • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.1.1 Forced and Internal Variability
    • 5.1.2 Time Scale of Climate Variations
  • 5.2 Internal Climate Variability
    • 5.2.1 El Niño - Southern Oscillation
    • 5.2.2 North Atlantic Oscillation
    • 5.2.3 Southern Annular Mode
    • 5.2.4 Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation
  • 5.3 Reconstructing Past Climates
    • 5.3.1 Records of Past Climate Changes
    • 5.3.2 Dating Methods
    • 5.3.3 An Important Example: Reconstructions Based on Isotopes
  • 5.4 Climate since the Earth's Formation
    • 5.4.1 Precambrian Climate
    • 5.4.2 Phanerozoic Climate
    • 5.4.3 Cenozoic Climate
  • 5.5 The Last Million Years: Glacial-Interglacial Cycles
    • 5.5.1 Variations in Astronomical Parameters and Insolation
    • 5.5.2 The Astronomical Theory of Paleoclimates
    • 5.5.3 Glacial-Interglacial Variations in the Atmospheric CO2 Concentration
    • 5.5.4 Millennial-Scale Variability during Glacial Periods
  • 5.6 The Last Deglaciation and the Holocene
    • 5.6.1 The Last Deglaciation
    • 5.6.2 The Current Interglacial
    • 5.6.3 The Past 2000 Years
  • 5.7 The Last Century
    • 5.7.1 Observed Changes
    • 5.7.2 Detection and Attribution of Recent Climate Changes
• 6. Future Climate Changes
  • 6.1 Scenarios
    • 6.1.1 The Purpose of the Scenarios and Scenario Development
    • 6.1.2 Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES)
    • 6.1.3 Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)
  • 6.2 Climate Changes over the Twenty-First Century
    • 6.2.1 Model Ensembles
    • 6.2.2 Decadal Predictions and Projections
    • 6.2.3 Changes in Global Mean Surface Temperature
    • 6.2.4 Spatial Distribution of Surface Temperature Changes
    • 6.2.5 Spatial Distribution of Precipitation Changes
    • 6.2.6 Changes in the Ocean and Sea Ice
    • 6.2.7 Changes in Modes of Variability
    • 6.2.8 Changes in Climate Extremes
    • 6.2.9 Changes in the Carbon Cycle
  • 6.3 Long-Term Climate Changes
    • 6.3.1 The Carbon Cycle
    • 6.3.2 Sea Level and Ice Sheets
    • 6.3.3 Abrupt Climate Changes
• Concluding Remarks
• Glossary
• Cited References and Further Reading
• Solutions of the Review Exercises
• Index

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