{"id":6116,"date":"2015-11-27T19:32:56","date_gmt":"2015-11-27T10:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=6116"},"modified":"2022-10-30T12:48:58","modified_gmt":"2022-10-30T03:48:58","slug":"norman-macrae-%e3%83%9e%e3%82%af%e3%83%ac%e3%82%a4-19921998-%e3%83%95%e3%82%a9%e3%83%b3%e3%83%bb%e3%83%8e%e3%82%a4%e3%83%9e%e3%83%b3%e3%81%ae%e7%94%9f%e6%b6%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=6116","title":{"rendered":"Norman Macrae [\u30de\u30af\u30ec\u30a4] (1992\/1998) \u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u30fb\u30ce\u30a4\u30de\u30f3\u306e\u751f\u6daf"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Norman <strong>Macrae<\/strong>,1992: <em>John von Neumann<\/em> (A Cornelia and Michael Bessie Book). Pantheon Books (a division of Random House Inc.)<\/li>\n<li>\u30ce\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30fb<strong>\u30de\u30af\u30ec\u30a4<\/strong> \u8457, <strong>\u6e21\u8fba<\/strong> \u6b63\u3001<strong>\u82a6\u7530<\/strong> \u307f\u3069\u308a \u8a33 (1998): <em>\u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u30fb\u30ce\u30a4\u30de\u30f3\u306e\u751f\u6daf<\/em> (\u671d\u65e5\u9078\u66f8 610)\u3002\u671d\u65e5\u65b0\u805e\u793e, 388+IX+iii pp. ISBN 4-02-259710-0. [\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u3053\u306e\u7248\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u3002]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>John von Neumann\u306e\u4f1d\u8a18\u30022014\u5e7411\u6708\u3001von Neumann\u304c\u300c\u6c17\u5019\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3069\u3046\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u304f\u3066\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u62fe\u3044\u8aad\u307f\u3057\u305f\u3002(\u305d\u306e\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u305f\u53ce\u7a6b\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002) 2015\u5e745\u6708\u3001\u53e4\u672c\u5c4b\u3067\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3066\u8cb7\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u3072\u3068\u3068\u304a\u308a\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76ee\u6b21\u306f\u3064\u304e\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76ee\u6b21<br \/>\n\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306b<br \/>\n1. \u982d\u3067\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u5909\u3048\u305f\u7537<br \/>\n2. \u30d6\u30c0\u30da\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u304a\u574a\u3063\u3061\u3083\u307e (1903-14\u5e74)<br \/>\n3. \u30ae\u30e0\u30ca\u30b8\u30a6\u30e0\u6642\u4ee3 (1914-21\u5e74)<br \/>\n4. \u7345\u5b50\u306e\u722a\u3092\u3082\u3064\u5b66\u751f (1921-26\u5e74)<br \/>\n5. \u5fc3\u306e\u3086\u3068\u308a\u3068\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061 (BC500-AD1931\u5e74)<br \/>\n6. \u30b2\u30c3\u30c1\u30f3\u30b2\u30f3\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66 (1926-32\u5e74)<br \/>\n7. \u75be\u98a8\u6012\u6fe4\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u3001\u7d50\u5a5a\u3001\u6e21\u7c73 (1927-31\u5e74)<br \/>\n8. \u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u6182\u9b31 (1931-37\u5e74)<br \/>\n9. \u7206\u767a\u8a08\u7b97\u30d7\u30ed\u30d5\u30a7\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb (1937-43\u5e74)<br \/>\n10. \u30ed\u30b9\u30a2\u30e9\u30e2\u30b9\u3001\u30c8\u30ea\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3001\u5e83\u5cf6\u3001\u9577\u5d0e (1943-45\u5e74)<br \/>\n11. \u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306b\u6b8b\u308b\u8db3\u8de1<br \/>\n12. \u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf (1944-46\u5e74)<br \/>\n13. \u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf (1946-52\u5e74)<br \/>\n14. \u6c34\u7206\u3078\u306e\u9053<br \/>\n15. \u7d76\u5927\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u529b (1950-56\u5e74)<br \/>\n\u8b1d\u8f9e<br \/>\n\u6ce8\u8a18<br \/>\n\u8457\u8005\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u7d39\u4ecb<br \/>\n\u8a33\u8005\u3042\u3068\u304c\u304d<br \/>\n\u7d22\u5f15\u30fb\u5e74\u8868\u30fb\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u30fb\u5730\u56f3<\/p>\n<p>\u8a33\u6587\u306e\u6587\u4f53\u304c\u3001\u304f\u3060\u3051\u305f\u611f\u3058\u3060\u3002\u8a33\u8005\u306e\u3072\u3068\u308a\u6e21\u8fba\u6b63\u6c0f\u304c2005\u5e74\u3054\u308d\u4ee5\u5f8c\u306b\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c(\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u554f\u984c\u3092\u542b\u3080)\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u305f\u8457\u4f5c\u7fa4\u306e\u6587\u4f53\u3068\u4f3c\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u305d\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u7fa4\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306f\u3072\u3069\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u3082\u3042\u3084\u3057\u304f\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u601d\u3044\u5165\u308c\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u3042\u3068\u304c\u304d\u306f\u3059\u306a\u304a\u306a\u300c\u3067\u3059\u307e\u3059\u300d\u4f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u3053\u306e\u6587\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306e\u6587\u4f53\u306e\u3075\u3093\u3044\u304d\u3092\u518d\u73fe\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u539f\u66f8\u306f\u3001Alfled P. Sloan\u8ca1\u56e3\u306e\u4f01\u753b\u3067\u59cb\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3001Stephen White\u3068Stanislav Ulam\u304c\u3068\u308a\u304b\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304cUlam\u304c1984\u5e74\u306b\u4ea1\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u8457\u8005\u304c\u3072\u304d\u3064\u3044\u3060\u306e\u3060\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f1923\u5e74\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3067\u3001Cambridge\u3067\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u30011949\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u96d1\u8a8c<em>Economist<\/em>\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4f1a\u793e\u306b\u52e4\u52d9\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u57f7\u7b46\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8457\u4f5c\u306b\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3002\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u308d\u3001von Neumann\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u6210\u9577\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u3042\u3061\u3053\u3061\u306b\u73fe\u308f\u308c\u308b) \u8457\u8005\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u307e\u305a\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3067\u3001\u7b2c2\u6b21\u5927\u6226\u5f8c\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u306f\u300120\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u3081\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u30ac\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u5c11\u6570\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u6559\u80b2\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3068\u4f3c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u3082\u3063\u3068\u304a\u304a\u305c\u3044\u306e\u4eba\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u9054\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u7523\u696d\u632f\u8208\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u901a\u7523\u7701\u304c\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305a\u5171\u6709\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u3064\u304f\u3089\u305b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089\u4f01\u696d\u9593\u3067\u7af6\u4e89\u3055\u305b\u308b(\u77e5\u7684\u8ca1\u7523\u306e\u72ec\u5360\u3092\u5968\u52b1\u3057\u306a\u3044)\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u306f\u3088\u3044\u653f\u7b56\u3067\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u304c\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3046\u307e\u304f\u307e\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u8a33\u8005\u3082\u8a00\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u9ad8\u3059\u304e\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u984c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8457\u8005\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u614b\u5ea6\u3067\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306fvon Neumann\u304c\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u6838\u6b66\u88c5\u3092\u63a8\u9032\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3002\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u306e\u30bd\u9023\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5ba5\u548c\u7684\u3067\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001von Neumann\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u306f\u3001\u6291\u6b62\u529b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6c34\u7d20\u7206\u5f3e\u3092\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u304c\u5148\u306b\u3064\u304f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001Teller\u3084Lawrence\u3068\u9055\u3063\u3066\u3001\u597d\u6226\u7684\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001Oppenheimer\u3092\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a(AEC\u3001\u6838\u5175\u5668\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95a2)\u304b\u3089\u306f\u305a\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u50cd\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001Oppenheimer\u304c\u30b9\u30d1\u30a4\u306e\u7591\u3044\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u7121\u5b9f\u3060\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u5f01\u8b77\u8a3c\u4eba\u96c6\u56e3\u3092\u7d44\u7e54\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8457\u8005\u304c\u8cdb\u540c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3082\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u30bf\u30ab\u6d3e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u300c\u9053\u306e\u4e2d\u592e\u3092\u6b69\u3044\u305f\u300dvon Neumann\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6c34\u7d20\u7206\u5f3e\u958b\u767a\u3078\u306e\u95a2\u4e0e\u3092\u307b\u3081\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>von Neumann\u306e\u304a\u3044\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u5148\u306bGeorge Dyson [\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30c0\u30a4\u30bd\u30f3] (2012\/2013)\u306e\u300e<em>\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u5927\u8056\u5802<\/em>\u300f<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=2932\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a>\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u91cd\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u77e5\u8b58\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3044\u304f\u3089\u304b\u66f8\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>20\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u3081\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u30ac\u30ea\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3068\u306f\u3044\u3048\u305a\u3001\u8eab\u5206\u5dee\u5225\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u751f\u304d\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u5148\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3088\u308a\u3082\u597d\u307e\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30d6\u30c0\u30da\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4e2d\u6d41\u968e\u7d1a\u306b\u306f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u306f\u91d1\u6301\u3061\u3082\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30cf\u30f3\u30ac\u30ea\u30fc\u51fa\u8eab\u3067\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306a\u3069\u306b\u79fb\u4f4f\u3057\u3066\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306b\u6709\u540d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u30d6\u30c0\u30da\u30b9\u30c8\u306e3\u3064\u306e\u30ae\u30e0\u30ca\u30b8\u30a6\u30e0(\u4e2d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821)\u3092\u5352\u696d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002von K&aacute;rm&aacute;n\u306f\u5148\u8f29\u3001Szillard\u306f\u307b\u307c\u540c\u4e16\u4ee3\u3060\u304c\u3042\u307e\u308a\u89aa\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3002Wigner\u306f1\u5e74\u4e0a\u3067\u540c\u3058\u5b66\u6821\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002Teller\u306f\u5f8c\u8f29\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u904b\u55b6\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u5f92\u3092\u304a\u304a\u305c\u3044\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002von Neumann\u306f\u6570\u5b66\u306e\u624d\u80fd\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3001\u9ad8\u6821\u306e\u6388\u696d\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7236\u306f\u5f01\u8b77\u58eb\u8cc7\u683c\u3092\u3082\u3061\u9280\u884c\u3067\u7d4c\u55b6\u8005\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u7acb\u5834\u3067\u50cd\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30021913\u5e74\u3001\u7236\u304c\u653f\u6cbb\u306b\u5354\u529b\u3057\u305f\u529f\u7e3e\u3067\u8cb4\u65cf\u306e\u79f0\u53f7\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u306e\u3061\u306eJohn\u306fMargittai Neumann Janos (John Neumann of Margitta\u306b\u76f8\u5f53)\u3068\u540d\u306e\u308a\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u570f\u7559\u5b66\u4e2d\u306f\u521d\u3081\u306fJohann Neumann von Margitta\u3001\u306e\u3061\u306bJohann Ludwig von Neumann\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u79fb\u4f4f\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u3066John von Neumann\u3068\u5909\u3048\u305f\u3002\u306a\u304a\u5f1f\u305f\u3061\u3082\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u79fb\u4f4f\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308cMichael Neuman, Nicholas Vonneuman\u3068\u540d\u306e\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u306f\u540c\u59d3\u3067\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010Dyson\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u3068\u304d\u306f\u9055\u3046\u8a8d\u8b58\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3011\u7b2c1\u6b21\u5927\u6226\u524d\u5f8c\u306b\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3092\u6575\u8996\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306fKun\u306e\u5171\u7523\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9769\u547d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f(\u5f7c\u306f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3060\u3063\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3060)\u3001\u30db\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u63d0\u7763\u306e\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306f\u7b2c2\u6b21\u5927\u6226\u4e2d\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u30ac\u30ea\u30fc\u3067\u306f\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u3068\u306f\u9055\u3063\u3066\u8feb\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u305a\u306b\u3059\u307f\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u30bd\u9023\u52e2\u529b\u4e0b\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u751f\u304d\u306b\u304f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>von Neumann\u306f\u3001(\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306bBerlin\u3092\u7d4c\u3066) \u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30ea\u30d2\u306eETH\u3067\u5fdc\u7528\u5316\u5b66(chemical engineering)\u306e\u5b66\u58eb\u3001\u4e26\u884c\u3057\u3066\u30d6\u30c0\u30da\u30b9\u30c8\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u751f\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u6570\u5b66\u306e\u535a\u58eb\u3092\u3068\u3063\u305f\u3002\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u6570\u5b66\u306e\u516c\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3067\u3001Russell\u3088\u308a\u3082\u7c21\u6f54\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306b\u306fG&ouml;del\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3057\u305f\u9650\u754c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u305f\u3002Hilbert\u306e\u3044\u305fG&ouml;ttingen\u306b\u884c\u304d\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067Heisenberg\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u306b\u51fa\u4f1a\u3063\u3066\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u884c\u304d\u3001\u307e\u305a(Wigner\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b) Princeton\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u96c7\u308f\u308c\u3001Institute for Advanced Study\u8a2d\u7acb\u3068\u307b\u307c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u305d\u3053\u306b\u79fb\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u3001\u304a\u3082\u306b\u6c17\u5019\u5236\u5fa1\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u5fc3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u62fe\u3044\u8aad\u307f\u306e\u30e1\u30e2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306b\u300d(4\u30da\u30fc\u30b8)\u306b\u3001von Neumann\u306f\u300c\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u671f\u5f85\u3092\u5bc4\u305b\u3001\u7121\u9650\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u751f\u3080\u6838\u878d\u5408\u3082\u3001\u6c17\u8c61\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u306a\u5236\u5fa1\u3082\u300120\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u672b\u306b\u306f\u30e1\u30c9\u304c\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c13\u7ae0\u306b\u3082\u540c\u3058\u8da3\u65e8\u306e\u6587\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b(\u305d\u3053\u3067\u306f\u300c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b)\u3002\u6838\u878d\u5408\u3068\u6c17\u8c61\u5236\u5fa1\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5b9f\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u8853\u306fvon Neumann\u304c\u671f\u5f85\u3057\u305f\u307b\u3069\u9032\u3093\u3067\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001von Neumann\u304c\u3082\u3063\u3068\u9577\u751f\u304d\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3082\u3063\u3068\u9032\u3093\u3060\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u3001\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c12\u7ae0\u300c\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6c17\u8c61\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u306a\u304f\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3002 von Neumann\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300cEDVAC 1\u6b21\u7a3f\u300d\u306f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3060\u3063\u305f\u30021945\u5e74\u306a\u304b\u3054\u308d\u3001\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30f3\u304c\u3070\u3089\u307e\u3044\u305f\u3002von Neumann\u304c\u77e5\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u6570\u5e74\u5f8c\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002(\u305d\u3053\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u304c\u3001von Neumann\u3068\u3001\u30a8\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30e2\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u3068\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306b\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001Macrae\u306f\u4fdd\u7559\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002) \u30a8\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30e2\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u306f\u5546\u58f2\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002von Neumann\u306f\u305d\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u516c\u77e5\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3081\u3056\u3057\u3001\u30a8\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30e2\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u9650\u5b9a\u7279\u8a31\u3092\u3068\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u62b5\u6297\u3057\u305f\u3002\u306a\u304a\u3001von Neumann\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u8a55\u4fa1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8\u306f\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3001\u30e2\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u306f\u4f7f\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c13\u7ae0\u300c\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u3002<br \/>\nvon Neumann\u306f\u5b9f\u9a13\u79d1\u5b66\u3067\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u99c6\u4f7f\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6c17\u8c61\u5b66\u3092\u5237\u65b0\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001(\u8457\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u300c\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306b\u300d\u3067\u3082\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b) von Neumann\u304c\u6e80\u8db3\u3059\u308b\u9769\u547d\u306e\u59ff\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>von Neumann\u306f\u3001\u6c17\u8c61\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u8ecd\u306e\u8cc7\u91d1\u3092\u3068\u308a\u306b\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3002\u6d77\u8ecd\u306e\u7a93\u53e3\u306f\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30a6\u30b9\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002von Neumann\u306fIAS\u306b\u3001\u9678\u8ecd\u30fb\u6d77\u8ecd\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3068\u500b\u5225\u306b\u5951\u7d04\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u306f\u5e83\u304f\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u8a9e\u3063\u305f\u3002\u6d77\u8ecd\u5411\u3051\u306e\u8a71\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5929\u6c17\u4e88\u5831\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u7684\u4fa1\u5024\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001\u300c\u6c17\u8c61\u306e\u5236\u5fa1\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u304c\u6700\u521d\u306b\u3084\u308a\u3068\u3052\u3001\u5317\u7c73\u5927\u9678\u3092\u6c37\u3065\u3051\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8105\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3068\u3046\u3066\u3044\u8010\u3048\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002(\u306e\u3061\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u3067\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u300c\u6c37\u3065\u3051\u300d\u306f\u6c17\u5019\u306e\u5236\u5fa1\u306e\u4f8b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001IAS\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u304c\u6700\u5927\u306e\u6210\u679c\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u30fb\u56fd\u5916\u306e\u591a\u6570\u7b87\u6240\u3067\u307e\u306d\u3057\u305f\u88fd\u54c1\u304c\u3064\u304f\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30bd\u9023\u306eBESM\u3082\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u5024\u5929\u6c17\u4e88\u5831\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u306fIAS\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u524d\u306bENIAC\u3067\u884c\u306a\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3002ENIAC\u306f(\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e)\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u5185\u8535\u578b\u306b\u6539\u9020\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3042\u3068\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002von Neumann\u306f\u6c17\u8c61\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u304cENIAC\u306b\u306e\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8abf\u6574\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u5206\u62c5\u3057\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002\u3010\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u5225\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u5f7c\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u624b\u3092\u304f\u3060\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3068\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u307e\u3061\u304c\u3044\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u6c17\u5927\u5faa\u74b0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u30011955\u5e74\u590f\u306b\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30c3\u30d7\u30b9\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u304c\u3067\u304d\u300110\u6708\u306b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4f1a\u304c\u958b\u304b\u308c\u3001\u306e\u3061\u306bGFDL\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u4e88\u7b97\u304c\u3064\u3044\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4f1a\u306e\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u304cPfeffer\u7de8(1960) <em>Dynamics of Climate<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=4964\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a>\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001Macrae\u304c\u5f15\u7528\u3059\u308b\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306avon Neumann\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6(313\u30da\u30fc\u30b8)\u306e\u51fa\u5178\u3082\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3010\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u6ce8\u306b\u3082\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u3082\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u3042\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3011\u3002\u300c\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u3064\u304b\u3046\u6c17\u8c61\u306e\u77ed\u671f[24-48\u6642\u9593]\u4e88\u5831\u306f\u3082\u3046\u78ba\u7acb\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30c3\u30d7\u30b9\u306e\u5927\u5faa\u74b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u306f\u308b\u304b\u5148\u306e\u4e88\u5831\u307e\u3067\u62e1\u5f35\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u5929\u6c17\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u3069\u3046\u52d5\u304f\u304b\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5225\u306a\u64b9\u4e71\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5225\u306a\u64b9\u4e71\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u306e\u624b\u3067\u81ea\u7531\u306b\u5236\u5fa1\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u304b\u304e\u308a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u8d77\u3053\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306b\u305b\u3088\u3002&#8230;\u4e2d\u671f\u4e88\u5831\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a3\u304b\u6708\u304f\u3089\u3044\u5148\u307e\u3067\u306e\u4e88\u5831\u306f\u305a\u3063\u3068\u3080\u305a\u304b\u3057\u3044\u3002\u300d\u3010Pfeffer\u7de8\u306e\u672c\u306evon Neumann\u306e\u5831\u544a\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4eba\u306e\u624b\u3067\u81ea\u7531\u306b\u5236\u5fa1\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u304b\u304e\u308a\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u6587\u53e5\u306f\u898b\u3042\u305f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002Macrae\u306e\u672c\u306e\u3053\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u300c\u5f7c\u306f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3092\u3053\u3046\u7de0\u3081\u304f\u304f\u3063\u305f\u300d\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u306e\u3067\u305d\u306e\u5148\u306f\u5f15\u7528\u304b\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u304c\u3042\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304fMacrae\u306e\u5730\u306e\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u51fa\u5178\u304cPfeffer\u7de8\u306e\u672c\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u300c\u5236\u5fa1\u300d\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306fMacrae\u306b\u3088\u308b\u88dc\u8db3\u306a\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002von Neumann\u306e\u5225\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u3092\u3075\u307e\u3048\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3068\u306f\u601d\u3046\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306a\u88dc\u8db3\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306f\u7591\u554f\u3060\u3002\u3011<br \/>\n\u306a\u304a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001von Neumann\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u672b\u671f\u304c\u3093\u306b\u3084\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u30922\u304b\u6708\u524d\u304b\u3089\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f\u6c17\u8c61\u30fb\u6c17\u5019\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306fSmagorinsky\u306e\u8a71\u3092\u805e\u3044\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u306b\u3082Smagorinsky\u304c1983\u5e74\u306b<em>Advances in Geophysics<\/em>\u306b\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u56de\u9867\u7684\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u3042\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Norman Macrae,1992: John von Neumann (A Cornelia and Michael Bessie Book). Pantheon Books (a division of Rando [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6116"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6116\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10901,"href":"https:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6116\/revisions\/10901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}