{"id":9997,"date":"2021-01-30T11:31:52","date_gmt":"2021-01-30T02:31:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=9997"},"modified":"2021-03-27T08:37:29","modified_gmt":"2021-03-26T23:37:29","slug":"crutzen-brauch-%e7%b7%a8-2016-paul-j-crutzen-a-pioneer-on-atmospheric-chemistry-and-climate-change-in-the-anthropocene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=9997","title":{"rendered":"Crutzen &#038; Brauch \u7de8 (2016) Paul J. Crutzen: A Pioneer on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Change in the Anthropocene"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Paul J. <strong>Crutzen<\/strong> &#038; Hans G&uuml;nter <strong>Brauch<\/strong> eds., 2016: <em>Paul J. Crutzen: A Pioneer on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Change in the Anthropocene<\/em>. (Volume <strong>50<\/strong>, Springer Briefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice &#8212; Nobel Laurates). Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-27459-1, e-ISBN 978-3-319-27460-7. \u51fa\u7248\u793e\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8 https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/book\/9783319274591<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5927\u6c17\u5316\u5b66\u8005\u306e Crutzen \u3055\u3093 (1933\u5e7412\u67083\u65e5 \u2013 2021\u5e741\u670828\u65e5) \u304c\u4ea1\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u3068\u3073\u3053\u3093\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f2020\u5e74\u4e2d\u306b\u3001Crutzen \u3068\u3044\u3048\u3070 Anthropocene (\u300c\u4eba\u65b0\u4e16\u300d)\u306e\u4eba\u304b\u3001geoengineering (\u6c17\u5019\u5de5\u5b66)\u306e\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3070\u304b\u308a\u8a71\u984c\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304c\u4e0d\u6e80\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u8003\u3048\u305f\u306e\u304b\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u50cf\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u3002\u51fa\u7248\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3068\u30012016\u5e74\u306b\u51fa\u305f\u3053\u306e\u672c\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u300c\u96fb\u5b50\u7248\u300d\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u305d\u3061\u3089\u3092\u8cb7\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8a03\u5831\u3092\u304d\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3048\u305a\u3001\u76ee\u6b21\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u306c\u304d\u3092\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u4f1d\u7684\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307f\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u77ed\u3044\u4f1d\u8a18\u3068\u3001\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u8457\u4f5c(\u8ad6\u6587)\u306e\u305f\u3070\u3067\u3001\u5b66\u80051\u4eba\u306e\u696d\u7e3e\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u672c\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u307e\u3048\u306b\u306f\u3088\u304f\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3046\u304c\u3001\u3061\u304b\u3054\u308d\u306f\u3081\u305a\u3089\u3057\u3044\u6c17\u304c\u3059\u308b\u3002Springer\u306f\u3001\u3044\u307e\u3082\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u305d\u306e\u307b\u304b\u306e\u529f\u52b4\u8005\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u672c\u3092\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u3067\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u5168\u4f53\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306f\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u306f\u3001Brauch \u6c0f \u304c\u3084\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308bAFES PRESS\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f1a\u793e (http:\/\/afes-press-books.de ) \u304c\u5236\u4f5c\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002PRESS \u306f Peace Research and European Security Studies \u306e\u7565\u3060\u305d\u3046\u3060\u304c\u3001AFES \u304c\u4f55\u304b\u306f\u3001\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3001\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5404\u7ae0\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u3001\u30ec\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u306f\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u518d\u9332\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u7b2c1\u7bc0\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306e3.1\u7bc0\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u7b2c9\u7ae0\u306b\u306f\u300c9.1 Introduction\u300d\u3060\u3051\u304c\u3042\u3063\u30669.2\u304b\u3089\u3055\u304d\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3001\u5909\u306a\u69cb\u6210\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f <em>Science<\/em> \u306e\u77ed\u5831\u306f\u7bc0\u3092\u305f\u3066\u306a\u3044\u69cb\u6210\u306a\u306e\u306b\u3001\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u6587\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3060\u3051\u7bc0\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u305f\u307e\u307e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7dcf\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3001\u535a\u58eb\u53f7\u3092\u3068\u308b (1968\u5e74\u306bPh. D. \u76f8\u5f53\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b 1973\u5e74\u306b Doctor of Science \u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b)\u307e\u3067\u306e\u77ed\u3044\u81ea\u4f1d\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089\u306e\u304a\u3082\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u3075\u308a\u304b\u3048\u3063\u305f\u8981\u7d04\u3001\u3044\u307e(2015\u5e74\u73fe\u5728)\u95a2\u5fc3\u306e\u3042\u308b(\u3042\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3065\u304f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306b\u52e7\u3081\u305f\u3044)\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\u3001\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b Curriculum Vitae \u306b\u66f8\u304f\u8077\u6b74\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3001\u304f\u308f\u3057\u3044\u8457\u4f5c\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u3075\u304f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3044\u307e\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u4e8b\u306b\u306f\u3001geoengineering \u306f\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u304c\u3001Anthropocene \u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u898b\u3042\u305f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u5e83\u57df\u5927\u6c17\u6c5a\u67d3\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ad6\u6587\u9078\u96c6\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u3046\u3061\u308f\u3051\u3092\u3001\u53ce\u9332\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u66f8\u8a8c\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u304b\u305f\u3061\u3067\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>3. Paul J. <strong>Crutzen<\/strong>, 1970: The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content. <em>Quaterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society<\/em>, <strong>96<\/strong>: 320-325.<\/li>\n<li>4. Paul J. <strong>Crutzen<\/strong>, Leroy E. <strong>Heidt<\/strong>, Joseph P. <strong>Krasnec<\/strong>, Walter H. <strong>Pollock<\/strong> and Wolfgang <strong>Seiler<\/strong>, 1979: Biomass burning as a source of atmospheric gases CO<sub>2<\/sub>, H<sub>2<\/sub>, N<sub>2<\/sub>O, NO, CH<sub>3<\/sub>Cl and COS. <em>Nature<\/em>, <strong>282<\/strong>: 253-256.<\/li>\n<li>5. P. J. <strong>Crutzen<\/strong> and J. W. <strong>Birks<\/strong>, 1982: The atmosphere after a nuclear war: Twilight at noon. <em>Ambio<\/em>, <strong>11<\/strong> (2\/3): 114-125.<\/li>\n<li>6. Paul J. <strong>Crutzen<\/strong> and Frank <strong>Arnoldt<\/strong>, 1986: Nitric acid cloud formation in the cold Antarctic stratosphere: a major cause for the springtime &#8216;ozone hole&#8217; (Letters to Nature). <em>Nature<\/em>, <strong>324<\/strong>: 651-655.<\/li>\n<li>7. P. J. <strong>Crutzen<\/strong> and M. O. <strong>Andreae<\/strong>, 1990: Biomass burning in the tropics: Impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. <em>Science<\/em>, <strong>250<\/strong>: 1669-1678.<\/li>\n<li>8. Rainer <strong>Vogt<\/strong>, Paul J. <strong>Crutzen<\/strong> and Rolf <strong>Sander<\/strong>, 1996: A mechanism for halogen release from sea-salt aerosol in the remote marine boundary layer (Letter to Nature). <em>Nature<\/em>, <strong>383<\/strong>: 327-330.<\/li>\n<li>9. J. <strong>Lelieveld<\/strong>, P.J. <strong>Crutzen<\/strong>, M.O. <strong>Andreae<\/strong>, C.A.M. <strong>Brenninkmeijer<\/strong>, T. <strong>Campos<\/strong>, G.R. <strong>Cass<\/strong>, R.R. <strong>Dickerson<\/strong>, H. <strong>Fischer<\/strong>, J.A. <strong>de Gouw<\/strong>, A. <strong>Hansel<\/strong>, A. <strong>Jefferson<\/strong>, D. <strong>Kley<\/strong>, A.T.J. <strong>de Laat<\/strong>, S. <strong>Lal<\/strong>, M.G. <strong>Lawrence<\/strong>, J.M. <strong>Lobert<\/strong>, O. <strong>Mayol-Bracero<\/strong>, A.P. <strong>Mitra<\/strong>, T. <strong>Novakov<\/strong>, S.J. <strong>Oltmans<\/strong>, K.A. <strong>Prather<\/strong>, V. <strong>Ramanathan<\/strong>, T. <strong>Reiner<\/strong>, H. <strong>Rodhe<\/strong>, H.A. <strong>Scheeren<\/strong>, D. <strong>Sikka<\/strong> and J. <strong>Williams<\/strong>, 2001: The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread air pollution from South and South-East Asia. <em>Science<\/em>, <strong>291<\/strong>: 1031-1036.<\/li>\n<li>10. Paul J. <strong>Crutzen<\/strong>, 2002: Geology of mankind &#8212; The Anthropocene. <em>Nature<\/em>, <strong>415<\/strong>: 23.<\/li>\n<li>11. Paul J. <strong>Crutzen<\/strong>, 2006: Albedo enhancement by stratospheric sulfur injections: a contribution to resolve a policy dilemma? (An Editorial Essay). <em>Climatic Change<\/em>, <strong>77<\/strong>: 211-219.<\/li>\n<li>12. Paul J. <strong>Crutzen<\/strong>, A. R. <strong>Mosier<\/strong>, K. A. <strong>Smith<\/strong> and W. <strong>Winiwarter<\/strong>, 2008: N<sub>2<\/sub>O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels. <em>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics<\/em>, <strong>8<\/strong>: 389-395.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u4e3b\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u307f\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3068\u3001geoengineering \u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6709\u540d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f 2006 \u5e74\u306e \u96d1\u8a8c <em>Climatic Change<\/em> \u306e\u7279\u96c6\u7de8\u96c6\u59d4\u54e1\u306e\u3072\u3068\u308a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u8ad6\u8aac\u304c\u7b2c11\u7ae0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53ce\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Anthropocene \u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u767a\u7aef\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b Stoermer \u3068\u306e\u5171\u8457\u306e\u8ad6\u8aac\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u30012002\u5e74\u306b <em>Nature<\/em> \u306b\u306e\u3063\u305f\u8ad6\u8aac Geology of Mankind \u304c\u7b2c10\u7ae0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53ce\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u7ae0\u306e\u984c\u540d\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u8aac\u306e\u526f\u984c\u300cThe Anthropocene\u300d\u304c\u306f\u305a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002) \u305d\u306e\u7ae0\u306e\u304b\u3053\u307f\u8a18\u4e8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001Crutzen \u3068\u305d\u306e\u306a\u304b\u307e\u305f\u3061(colleagues)\u306b\u3088\u308bAnthropocene \u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u6587\u732e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8(2013\u5e74\u307e\u3067) \u304c\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (\u3053\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3042\u304d\u3089\u304b\u306b <em>Nature<\/em> \u304b\u3089\u306e\u518d\u9332\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u7de8\u96c6\u6210\u679c\u306b\u3061\u304c\u3044\u306a\u3044)\u3002\u300c\u6838\u306e\u51ac\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u30011982\u5e74\u306eBurks\u3068\u5171\u8457\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u304c\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53ce\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u4f1d\u7684\u306a\u7ae0\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001Crutzen \u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u3067\u80b2\u3061\u3001(\u89aa\u306e\u5bb6\u8a08\u304c\u3086\u305f\u304b\u3067\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u7814\u7a76\u8077\u3092\u306d\u3089\u308f\u305a) \u5927\u5b66\u3067\u571f\u6728\u5de5\u5b66\u3092\u5b66\u3093\u3067\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u90fd\u5e81\u306e\u571f\u6728\u6280\u8853\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u50cd\u3044\u305f\u3002\u30d5\u30a3\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u3068\u7d50\u5a5a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30c7\u30f3\u3067\u3084\u306f\u308a\u571f\u6728\u6280\u8853\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u50cd\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u30b9\u30c8\u30c3\u30af\u30db\u30eb\u30e0\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30de\u30fc\u306e\u52df\u96c6\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3001Rossby \u304c\u4ea1\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3042\u3068 Bolin \u304c\u3072\u304d\u3064\u3044\u3060\u6c17\u8c61\u5b66\u6559\u5ba4\u3067\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u306e\u5316\u5b66\u306b\u91cd\u70b9\u3092\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u306e\u91cd\u70b9\u306f\u9178\u6027\u96e8\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u5bfe\u6d41\u570f\u306e\u5316\u5b66\u3060\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001Crutzen\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u304b\u3089\u6765\u305f\u5ba2\u54e1\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u6210\u5c64\u570f\u306e\u5316\u5b66\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u3092\u5206\u62c5\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3092\u304d\u3063\u304b\u3051\u306b\u3001\u6210\u5c64\u570f\u306e\u5927\u6c17\u5316\u5b66\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3048\u3089\u3073\u3001\u50cd\u304d\u306a\u304c\u3089\u535a\u58eb\u53f7\u3092\u3068\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3053\u308d\u307e\u3067\u306f\u6210\u5c64\u570f\u5927\u6c17\u5316\u5b66\u306f\u653f\u6cbb\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308a\u306e\u3046\u3059\u3044\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u95a2\u5fc3\u4e8b\u3060\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001Oxford\u3067 post-doc \u3092\u3084\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u308d\u306b\u3001\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u65c5\u5ba2\u6a5f\u304c\u30aa\u30be\u30f3\u5c64\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u304a\u305d\u308c\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u3082\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089\u306e Crutzen \u306e\u304a\u3082\u306a\u7d4c\u6b74\u306f 1974-1980\u5e74\u306b\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd\u306e National Center for Atmospheric Research\u30011980-2000\u5e74\u306b(\u897f)\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e Max Planck Institure for Chemistry (Mainz)\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u304b\u3048\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u3001Kindle\u7248\u304b\u3089\u66f8\u304d\u306c\u3044\u305f \u304f\u308f\u3057\u3044\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u3054\u3068\u306b\u300c\/\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3065\u3051\u3066\u305d\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8457\u8005\u540d\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3002\u7ae0\u306e\u984c\u540d\u3068\u8457\u8005\u540d\u30921\u884c\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5171\u8457\u8005\u306e\u591a\u3044\u3070\u3042\u3044\u306f\u7570\u5e38\u306b\u9577\u3044\u884c\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f (\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30b6\u3067\u9069\u5f53\u306b\u6298\u308a\u304b\u3048\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u671f\u5f85\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b)\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n== \u76ee\u6b21 ==<br \/>\nForeword \/Jos Lelieveld (Director, MPI Chemistry)<br \/>\nAcknowledgments \/Crutzen<br \/>\nContents<br \/>\n<strong>Part I. On Paul J. Crutzen<\/strong><br \/>\n &#8211; 1 The Background of an Ozone Researcher: A Brief Autobiography \/Crutzen<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.1 How I Became a Scientist: \u200bAPersonal History<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.2 Stratospheric Ozone Chemistry<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.3 Man&#8217;s Impact on Stratospheric Ozone<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.4 The Supersonic Transport Controversy in the USA<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.5 Tropospheric Ozone<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.6 Pollution of the Stratosphere by ClOx<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.7 And Things Could Have Been Much Worse<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.8 Biomass Burning in the Tropics<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.9 &#8220;Nuclear Winter&#8221;<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.10 Current Research Interests<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.1 A Look Ahead from 1995,the Year I Was Awarded the Nobel Prize<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.2 Observations of Tropospheric Ozone<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.3 Long-Term Observations of Properties of the Atmosphere<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.4 Intensive Measurement Campaigns<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.5 Cloud Transport<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.6 Chemical Interactions with Hydrometeors<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.7 Photolysis Rates in Cloudy Atmospheres<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.8 Biogenic Sources of Hydrocarbons, CO, and NO<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.9 Potential Role of Halogens in Tropospheric Ozone Destruction<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.10 Heterogeneous Reactions on Aerosol Particles<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.11 Ozone\/ Climate\/ Greenhouse Gas Feedbacks in the Stratosphere<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.12 Long Range Indirect Transport of NOx Embedded in PAN<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.13 Field Campaign in Suriname<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.14 The Indian Ocean Expedition (INDOEX) and the Asian Brown Clouds ABC Project<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.15 Halogen Chemistry in the Troposphere<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.16 Geo-engineering<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 1.10.17 Biofuels &#8212; Climate Effects of N<sub>2<\/sub>O Emissions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; References<br \/>\n &#8211; 2 Complete Bibliography of the Writings of Paul J. Crutzen (1965 &#8212; 2015) \/Crutzen<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.1 Books<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.2 Special Publications<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.3 Journal Articles (Refereed)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.4 Other Publications (Unrefereed)<br \/>\n<strong>Part II. Scientific Texts by Paul J. Crutzen<\/strong><br \/>\n &#8211; 3 The Influence of Nitrogen Oxides on Atmospheric Ozone Content \/Crutzen<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.1 Introduction<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.2 Reaction Scheme<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.3 The Photochemical Equations<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.4 Results<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.5 Nitric Acid<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.6 Conclusions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; References<br \/>\n &#8211; 4 Biomass Burning as a Source of Atmospheric Gases CO, H<sub>2<\/sub>, N<sub>2<\/sub>O, NO, CH<sub> 3<\/sub>Cl and COS \/Paul J. Crutzen, Leroy E. Heidt, Joseph P. Krasnec, Walter H. Pollock and Wolfgang Seiler<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.1 Importance of Trace Gases in the Atmosphere<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.2 Global Source Estimates<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; References<br \/>\n &#8211; 5 The Atmosphere After a Nuclear War: Twilight at Noon \/Paul J. Crutzen and John W. Birks<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.1 Introduction<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.2 Nuclear War Scenarios<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.3 Fires<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 5.3.1 Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from Forest Fires<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 5.3.2 Particulate Matter from Forest Fires and Screening of Sunlight<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 5.3.3 Gas, Oil and Urban Fires<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.4 Tropospheric Photochemistry<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.5 Effects of Tropospheric Composition Changes<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.6 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 5.6.1 Past Nuclear Weapons Tests<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 5.6.2 Solar Proton Events<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.7 Effects of Increased UV-B Radiation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.8 Long-Term Effects<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.9 Conclusions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Appendix 1: Production and Spatial Distribution of Nitric Oxide from Nuclear Explosions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Appendix 2: Model Description<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; References<br \/>\n &#8211; 6 Nitric-Acid Cloud Formation in the Cold Antarctic Stratosphere\u2014 A Major Cause for the Springtime Ozone Hole \/Paul J.Crutzen and Frank Arnoldt<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; References<br \/>\n &#8211; 7 Biomass Burning in the Tropics: Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry and Biogeochemical Cycles \/Paul J. Crutzen and Meinrat O. Andreae<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 7.1 Introduction<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 7.2 Estimates of Worldwide Biomass Burning<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.2.1 Clearing of Forests for Agricultural Use<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.2.2 Fuel Wood, Charcoal, and Agricultural Waste<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.2.3 Prescribed Burning and Forest Wildfires<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 7.3 Emissions to the Atmosphere<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.3.1 Carbon Dioxide<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.3.2 CO, CH<sub>4<\/sub> and Other Hydrocarbons, H<sub>2<\/sub>, CH<sub>3<\/sub>Cl<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.3.3 Nitrogen Gases<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.3.4 Sulfur Gases<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.3.5 Particles (Smoke)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 7.4 Atmospheric Chemical Effects<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.4.1 Long-Range Transport of Smoke Plumes<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.4.2 Photochemical Smog Chemistry<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.4.3 Perturbation of Oxidant Cycles in the Troposphere<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 7.5 Climatic and Ecological Effects<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.5.1 Climate Change<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.5.2 Acid Deposition<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 7.5.3 Alterations of Nutrient Cycles and Effects on Soil Degradation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 7.6 Conclusions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; References<br \/>\n &#8211; 8 A Mechanism for Halogen Release from Sea-Salt Aerosol in the Remote Marine Boundary Layer \/Rainer Vogt, Paul J. Crutzen and Rolf Sander<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; References<br \/>\n &#8211; 9 The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread Air Pollution from South and Southeast Asia \/Jos Lelieveld, Paul J. Crutzen, V. Ramanathan, M. O. Andreae, C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer, T. Campos, G. R. Cass, R. R. Dickerson, H. Fischer, J. A. de Gouw, A. Hansel, A. Jefferson, D. Kley, A. T. J. de Laat, S. Lal, M. G. Lawrence, J. M. Lobert, O. Mayol-Bracero, A. P. Mitra, T. Novakov, S. J. Oltmans, K. A. Prather, T. Reiner, H. Rodhe, H. A. Scheeren, D. Sikka and J. Williams<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 9.1 Introduction<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; References<br \/>\n &#8211; 10 Geology of Mankind \/Crutzen<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Box 10.1: Texts by Paul J. Crutzen and Colleagues on the Anthropocene: Setting the Scientific and Policy Agenda and Initiating a Global Debate on a New Era of Earth and Human History.<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Selected Peer-reviewed Texts by Paul J. Crutzen and Colleagues on the Anthropocene: Providing the Scientific Evidence<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Texts from the Anthropocene Symposium: Honouring Paul J. Crutzen on his 80th Birthday (2013)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; References<br \/>\n &#8211; 11 Albedo Enhancement by Stratospheric Sulfur Injections: A Contribution to Resolve a Policy Dilemma? An Editorial Essay \/Crutzen<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; References<br \/>\n &#8211; 12 N<sub>2<\/sub>O Release from Agro-biofuel Production Negates Global Warming Reduction by Replacing Fossil Fuels \/Paul J. Crutzen, A. R. Mosier, K. A. Smith and W. Winiwarter<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 12.1 Introduction<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 12.2 A Global Factor to Describe N<sub>2<\/sub>O Yield from N Fertilization<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 12.3 N<sub>2<\/sub>O Release Versus CO<sub>2<\/sub> Saved in Biofuels<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 12.4 Results and Discussion<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 12.4.1 Nitrogen Content in Biofuels<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 12.4.2 Potential Impact on Life Cycle Analysis<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 12.5 Conclusions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Appendix 1: Comparison Between the Present and the IPCC Method to Estimate the Global N<sub>2<\/sub>O Yields<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Appendix 2: Calculation of CV Values<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; References<br \/>\nNobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 \/www.nobelprize.org<br \/>\nMax Planck Institute for Chemistry \/Carsten Costard<br \/>\nAbout the Author<br \/>\nAbout this Book<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paul J. Crutzen &#038; Hans G&uuml;nter Brauch eds., 2016: Paul J. Crutzen: A Pioneer on Atmospheric Chemistry [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9997"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9997\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10361,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9997\/revisions\/10361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}