{"id":9141,"date":"2020-02-21T23:16:38","date_gmt":"2020-02-21T14:16:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=9141"},"modified":"2020-05-13T16:34:05","modified_gmt":"2020-05-13T07:34:05","slug":"andrew-e-dessler-2012-2015-introduction-to-modern-climate-change-2-ed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=9141","title":{"rendered":"Andrew E. Dessler (2012, 2015) Introduction to Modern Climate Change, 2 ed."},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Andrew E. <strong>Dessler<\/strong>, 2012: <em>Introduction to Modern Climate Change<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 238 pp. ISBN 978-0-521-17315-5 (pbk.)<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=2101\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a> <\/li>\n<li>Andrew E. <strong>Dessler<\/strong>, (2012), 2015: <em>Introduction to Modern Climate Change, Second Edition<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 273 pp. ISBN 978-1-107-09682-0 (hardcover), 978-1-107-48067-4 (paperback, eTextbook)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3092\u4e3b\u3068\u3057\u305f\u7dcf\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6388\u696d\u306e\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Dessler &amp; Parson &#8220;<em>The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change<\/em>&#8221; \u306e\u7b2c3\u7248\u304c\u51fa\u305f\u6a5f\u4f1a\u306b\u305d\u3061\u3089\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u3084\u308b\u6388\u696d\u306e\u53c2\u8003\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001Dessler &#8220;<em>Introduction to Modern Climate Change<\/em>&#8221; <a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=2101\">[\u521d\u7248\u306e\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a>\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3088\u3055\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u306f2015\u5e74\u306b\u51fa\u305f\u7b2c2\u7248\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u521d\u7248\u3068\u7b2c2\u7248\u306e\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u3064\u304d\u3042\u308f\u305b\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3002\u76ee\u6b21\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304b\u304e\u308a\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3059\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u306e\u52d5\u304d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7b2c13\u7ae0\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u3061\u304b\u304f\u304c\u73fe\u5b9f\u306e\u9032\u5c55\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u66f8\u304d\u304b\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u653f\u7b56\u8ad6\u306e\u7b2c14\u7ae0\u306e\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306b\u300c\u306a\u305c\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3080\u305a\u304b\u3057\u3044\u554f\u984c\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7bc0\u304c\u304f\u308f\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u521d\u7248\u304c\u51fa\u305f\u3042\u3068\u306e2013-14\u5e74\u306bIPCC\u306e\u7b2c5\u6b21\u8a55\u4fa1\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u304c\u51fa\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3042\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3042\u3061\u3053\u3061\u306e\u7ae0\u3067\u6750\u6599\u304c\u3055\u3057\u304b\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u6570\u304c\u3075\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b2c2\u7248\u306b\u306f\u3042\u3061\u3053\u3061\u306b\u300caside\u300d\u3068\u304b\u300cexample\u300d\u306e\u304b\u3053\u307f\u8a18\u4e8b\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u521d\u7248\u306b\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3001\u307e\u3060\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u3001\u521d\u7248\u3067\u6388\u696d\u3092\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3066\u88dc\u8db3\u3057\u305f\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7b2c2\u7248\u3067\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Andrew E. <strong>Dessler<\/strong> &#038; Edward A. <strong>Parson<\/strong>, (2006, 2010) 2020: <em>The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change &#8212; A Guide to the Debate. Third Edition<\/em>. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-17942-4 (hardcover), 978-1-316-63132-4 (paperback).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u304b\u3048\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b \u304f\u308f\u3057\u3044\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002Kindle\u7248\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u3066\u66f8\u304d\u306c\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002\u521d\u7248\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u70b9\u304c\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u89d2\u304b\u3063\u3053([&#8230;])\u3067\u304b\u3053\u3093\u3060\u9805\u76ee\u306f\u7b2c2\u7248\u306e\u304b\u3053\u307f\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u3001\u521d\u7248\u306b\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306f\u307e\u3060\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5404\u7ae0\u672b\u306e\u300c&#8230;\u300d\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306f\u300cAdditional reading \/ Terms \/ Problems\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n== \u76ee\u6b21 ==<br \/>\nContents<br \/>\nPreface<br \/>\nAcknowledgments<br \/>\n1. An introduction to the climate problem<br \/>\n &#8211; 1.1 What is climate?<br \/>\n &#8211; 1.2 What is climate change?<br \/>\n &#8211; 1.3 A coordinate system for the Earth<br \/>\n &#8211; 1.4 Why you should believe this textbook<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: The Summary for Policymakers]<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: But I still don&#8217;t trust the IPCC]<br \/>\n &#8211; 1.5 Chapter summary \/ Additional reading \/ Terms \/ Problems<br \/>\n2. Is the climate changing?<br \/>\n &#8211; 2.1 Recent climate change<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.1 Surface thermometer record<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: Has global warming stopped?]<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.2 Satellite measurements of temperature<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.3 Ice<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.3.1 Glaciers<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.3.2 Sea ice<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.3.3 Ice sheets<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.4 Ocean temperatures<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.5 Sea level<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.6 Putting it all together: Is today&#8217;s climate changing?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.7 What is <em>not<\/em> evidence of climate change<br \/>\n &#8211; 2.2 Climate over the Earth&#8217;s history<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.2.1 Paleoproxies<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.2.2 The Earth&#8217;s long-term climate record<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: What does the paleorecord tell us about how serious of a threat climate change is?]<br \/>\n &#8211; 2.3 Chapter summary \/ &#8230;<br \/>\n3. Radiation and energy balance<br \/>\n &#8211; 3.1 Temperature and energy<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An example: How much power does it take to run a human body?]<br \/>\n &#8211; 3.2 Electromagnetic radiation<br \/>\n &#8211; 3.3 Blackbody radiation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An example: How fast is a room-temperature basketball losing energy by the emission of photons?]<br \/>\n &#8211; 3.4 Energy balance<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An example: conservation of money]<br \/>\n &#8211; 3.5 Chapter summary \/ &#8230;<br \/>\n4. A simple climate model<br \/>\n &#8211; 4.1 The source of energy for our climate system<br \/>\n &#8211; 4.2 Energy loss to space<br \/>\n &#8211; 4.3 The greenhouse effect<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.3.1 One-layer model<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.3.2 Two-layer model<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.3.3 <i>n<\/i>-layer model<br \/>\n &#8211; 4.4 Testing our theory with other planets<br \/>\n &#8211; 4.5 Chapter summary \/ &#8230;<br \/>\n5. The carbon cycle<br \/>\n &#8211; 5.1 Greenhouse gases and our atmosphere&#8217;s composition<br \/>\n &#8211; 5.2 Atmosphere &#8211; land biosphere &#8211; ocean carbon exchange<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.2.1 Atmosphere &#8211; land biosphere exchange<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: Where does the oxygen in our atmosphere come from?]<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.2.2 Atmosphere &#8211; ocean carbon exchange<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.2.3 The combined atmosphere &#8211; land biosphere &#8211; ocean system<br \/>\n &#8211; 5.3 Atmosphere &#8211; rock exchange<br \/>\n &#8211; 5.4 How are humans perturbing the carbon cycle?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: How do we measure how much carbon is going into the ocean versus the land-biosphere?]<br \/>\n &#8211; 5.5 Some commonly asked questions about the carbon cycle<br \/>\n &#8211; <ins>5.6 The long-term fate of carbon dioxide<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; <del>5.6<\/del><ins>5.7<\/ins> Methane<br \/>\n &#8211; <del>5.7<\/del><ins>5.8<\/ins> Chapter summary \/ &#8230;<br \/>\n6. Forcing, feedbacks, and climate sensitivity<br \/>\n &#8211; 6.1 Time lags in the climate system<br \/>\n &#8211; 6.2 Radiative forcing<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An example: What is the radiative forcing of a 5 percent increase in solar constant for the Earth that occurs over 100 years?]<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 6.2.1 <del>Trace gases<\/del> <ins>Greenhouse gases<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 6.2.2 Aerosols<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 6.2.3 Land-use changes<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 6.2.4 Changes in the Sun<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <ins>6.2.5 Total net forcing<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; 6.3 Feedbacks<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 6.3.1 Fast feedbacks<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 6.3.2 Slow feedbacks<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: Feedback vs. radiative forcing]<br \/>\n &#8211; 6.4 Climate sensitivity<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 6.4.1 Feedback math<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 6.4.2 Sensitivity<br \/>\n &#8211; 6.5 Chapter summary \/ &#8230;<br \/>\n7. Why is the climate changing?<br \/>\n &#8211; 7.1 The first suspect: <del>Movement of the continents<\/del> <ins>Continental drift<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; 7.2 The Sun<br \/>\n &#8211; 7.3 The Earth&#8217;s orbit<br \/>\n &#8211; 7.4 Internal variability<br \/>\n &#8211; 7.5 Greenhouse gases<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: How does science deal with outliers?]<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: A skeptical argument]<br \/>\n &#8211; 7.6 Putting it all together<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: Evolution of the IPCC&#8217;s statements on warming]<br \/>\n &#8211; 7.7 Chapter summary \/ &#8230;<br \/>\n8. The future of our climate<br \/>\n &#8211; 8.1 The factors that control emissions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: Check the units!]<br \/>\n &#8211; 8.2 How these factors have changed in the recent past <ins>and how will they change in the future<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 8.2.1 Population<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 8.2.2 Affluence<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 8.2.3 Technology<br \/>\n &#8211; <del>8.3 How these factors will change over the 21st century<\/del><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>8.3.1 Population<\/del><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>8.3.2 Affluence<\/del><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>8.3.3 Technology<\/del><br \/>\n &#8211; <del>8.4<\/del><ins>8.3<\/ins> Emissions scenarios<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>[Summary of scenario families]<\/del><br \/>\n &#8211; <del>8.5<\/del><ins>8.4<\/ins> Predictions of future atmospheric composition<br \/>\n &#8211; <del>8.6<\/del><ins>8.5<\/ins> Predictions of future climate<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>8.6.1<\/del><ins>8.5.1<\/ins> Over the next century<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: Will the evolution of the climate over the twenty-first century look like the trajectories plotted in Figure 8.5?]<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>8.6.2<\/del><ins>8.5.2<\/ins> Climate change beyond 2100<br \/>\n &#8211; <del>8.7<\/del><ins>8.6<\/ins> Is the climate predictable?<br \/>\n &#8211; <del>8.8<\/del><ins>8.7<\/ins> Chapter summary \/ &#8230;<br \/>\n9. Impacts <ins>of climate change<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; 9.1 Why should you care about climate change?<br \/>\n &#8211; <ins>9.2 Physical impacts<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>9.2<\/del><ins>9.2.1<\/ins> Temperature<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>9.3<\/del><ins>9.2.2<\/ins> Precipitation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>9.4<\/del><ins>9.2.3<\/ins> Sea-level rise and ocean acidification<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <ins>9.2.4 Loss of ice<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <ins>9.2.5 Extreme events<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; <del>9.5<\/del><ins>9.3<\/ins> Impact of these changes<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: What are <i>ecosystem services<\/i>?]<br \/>\n &#8211; <del>9.6<\/del><ins>9.4<\/ins> Abrupt climate changes<br \/>\n &#8211; <del>9.7<\/del><ins>9.5<\/ins> Chapter summary \/ &#8230;<br \/>\n10. Exponential growth<br \/>\n &#8211; 10.1 What is exponential growth?<br \/>\n &#8211; 10.2 The rule of 72<br \/>\n &#8211; 10.3 Limits of exponential growth<br \/>\n &#8211; 10.4 Discounting<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 10.4.1 The time value of money<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; [An example: What would you do?]<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 10.4.2 The discount rate<br \/>\n &#8211; <ins>10.5 Putting it together: The social cost of carbon<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; <del>10.5<\/del><ins>10.6<\/ins> Chapter summary \/ &#8230;<br \/>\n11. Fundamentals of climate change policy<br \/>\n &#8211; 11.1 Adaptation<br \/>\n &#8211; 11.2 Mitigation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 11.2.1 Technology to reduce carbon intensity<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 11.2.2 Policies to reduce carbon emissions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11.3 Geoengineering<br \/>\n &#8211; 11.4 Chapter summary \/ &#8230;<br \/>\n12. Mitigation policies<br \/>\n &#8211; 12.1 Conventional regulations<br \/>\n &#8211; 12.2 Market-based regulations<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 12.2.1 Carbon tax<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 12.2.2 Cap and trade<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 12.2.3 Carbon tax versus cap and trade<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 12.2.4 Offsets<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; [An aside: The European Trading System]<br \/>\n &#8211; 12.3 Information and voluntary methods<br \/>\n &#8211; 12.4 Chapter summary \/ &#8230;<br \/>\n13. A brief history of climate science and politics<br \/>\n &#8211; 13.1 The beginning of climate science<br \/>\n &#8211; 13.2 The emergence of environmentalism<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <ins>13.2.1 The tobacco strategy<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; 13.3 The 1970s and 1980s: Supersonic airliners, acid rain, and ozone depletion<br \/>\n &#8211; 13.4 The year everything changed: 1988<br \/>\n &#8211; 13.5 The Framework Convention on Climate Change: The first climate treaty<br \/>\n &#8211; 13.6 The Kyoto Protocol<br \/>\n &#8211; 13.7 The <ins>George W.<\/ins> Bush years<ins>: 2001 &#8211; 2008<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; 13.8 <del>Copenhagen<\/del> <ins>The Obama years: 2009 &#8211; today<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; <ins>13.9 The breakthrough: U.S.-China bilateral agreement<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; <del>13.9<\/del><ins>13.10<\/ins> Chapter summary \/ &#8230;<br \/>\n14. Putting it together: A long-term policy to address climate change<br \/>\n &#8211; <ins>14.1 What makes climate change such a difficult problem?<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; <del>14.1<\/del><ins>14.2<\/ins> Decisions under uncertainty: Should we reduce emissions?<br \/>\n &#8211; <del>14.2<\/del><ins>14.3<\/ins> Picking a long-term goal<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>14.2.1<\/del><ins>14.3.1<\/ins> Cost versus benefits<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>14.2.2<\/del><ins>14.3.2<\/ins> Target: 2 degree C<br \/>\n &#8211; <del>14.3<\/del><ins>14.4<\/ins> How do we get there?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>14.3.1<\/del><ins>14.4.1<\/ins> The physics of a 2 degree C limit<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>14.3.2<\/del><ins>14.4.2<\/ins> How to get there <ins>from here<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <ins>14.4.3 What policies should look like<\/ins><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <del>14.3.3<\/del><ins>14.4.3 (sic)<\/ins> What can you do?<br \/>\n &#8211; <del>14.4<\/del><ins>14.5<\/ins> A few final thoughts \/ &#8230;<br \/>\nReferences<br \/>\nIndex<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Andrew E. Dessler, 2012: Introduction to Modern Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 238 pp. ISBN 978-0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9141"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9257,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9141\/revisions\/9257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}