{"id":9041,"date":"2020-02-04T20:34:31","date_gmt":"2020-02-04T11:34:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=9041"},"modified":"2020-05-13T23:26:59","modified_gmt":"2020-05-13T14:26:59","slug":"syukuro-manabe-%e7%9c%9f%e9%8d%8b-%e6%b7%91%e9%83%8e-anthony-j-broccoli-2020-beyond-global-warming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=9041","title":{"rendered":"Syukuro Manabe [\u771f\u934b \u6dd1\u90ce] &#038; Anthony J. Broccoli (2020) Beyond Global Warming"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Syukuro <strong>Manabe<\/strong> &#038; Anthony J. <strong>Broccoli<\/strong>, 2020: <em>Beyond Global Warming &#8212; How Numerical Models Revealed the Secrets of Climate Change<\/em>. Princeton NJ USA: Princeton University Press. ISBN          978-0-691-05886-3, 978-0-691-18516-3 (e-book). \u51fa\u7248\u8005\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8 <a href=\"https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/books\/hardcover\/9780691058863\/beyond-global-warming\">https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/books\/hardcover\/9780691058863\/beyond-global-warming<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2020\u5e741\u6708\u306e\u65b0\u520a\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u3001\u7d19\u306e\u672c\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u3068\u3069\u304f\u306e\u3092\u5f85\u3061\u304d\u308c\u305a\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u7248 (\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u3044\u304d\u304c\u304b\u308a\u3067\u3001Amazon Kindle)\u3067\u8cb7\u3063\u3066\u3001\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u306c\u304d\u3001\u3042\u3061\u3053\u3061\u3081\u304f\u3063\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3060\u3002\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3057\u305f\u8aad\u66f8\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u3072\u3068\u307e\u305a\u901f\u5831\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u771f\u934b \u6dd1\u90ce\u3055\u3093\u306f\u30011960-80\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306eNOAA\u306eGFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory)\u3067\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb(\u3068\u304f\u306b\u5927\u6c17\u5927\u5faa\u74b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb)\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3068\u3001\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316 (\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6e29\u5ba4\u52b9\u679c\u6c17\u4f53\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u304a\u3053\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6c17\u5019\u306e\u5909\u5316) \u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u5148\u982d\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u50cd\u3044\u305f\u4eba\u3060\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u771f\u934b\u3055\u3093\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u3075\u308a\u304b\u3048\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306b\u3082\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3057\u3001\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u7dcf\u8ad6\u306b\u3082\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u8457\u8005\u306eBroccoli\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u9854\u3092\u307f\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3086\u3063\u304f\u308a\u8a71\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u540d\u307e\u3048\u306f\u3088\u304f\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30021983\u5e74\u3001\u771f\u934b\u3055\u3093\u304c(\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u30b5\u30d0\u30c6\u30a3\u30ab\u30eb\u3060\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u5074\u3067\u306f\u5b66\u632f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u62db\u3078\u3044\u3067) \u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u6ede\u5728\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u7d39\u4ecb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6c37\u671f\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u306e\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3001\u3082\u3046\u3059\u3053\u3057\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001\u3044\u307e\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5317\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3068\u5317\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6c37\u5e8a\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3051\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u304b\u3048\u305f\u3089\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u306f\u3069\u3046\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6570\u5024\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u8a71\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u306f\u3001GFDL\u306b\u5c31\u8077\u3057\u305f\u3070\u304b\u308a\u306eBroccoli \u3055\u3093\u306b\u3084\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3063\u305f (\u306e\u3061 Manabe &#038; Broccoli 1985 \u306e2\u3064\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f)\u3002Broccoli\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u535a\u58eb\u8ab2\u7a0b\u306e\u9662\u751f\u3060\u3063\u305f\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3068\u540c\u5e74\u8f29\u306e\u306f\u305a\u3060\u3002\u771f\u934b\u3055\u3093\u304cGFDL\u3092\u9000\u8077\u3057\u305f\u3053\u308d\u306b\u3001Broccoli\u3055\u3093\u306fRutgers\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6559\u6388\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002Rutgers\u306e\u3042\u308bNew Brunswick\u306fGFDL\u306e\u3042\u308bPrinceton\u3068\u540c\u3058New Jersey\u5dde\u306b\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3001\u771f\u934b\u3055\u3093\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u304a\u3048\u3066Princeton\u306b\u5e30\u3063\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001Broccoli\u3055\u3093\u3068\u8a71\u3092\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u306f\u304a\u304a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306b\u3061\u304c\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u4e0d\u7fa9\u7406\u3092\u304a\u308f\u3073\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u30021983\u5e74\u306b\u771f\u934b\u3055\u3093\u304c\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9023\u7d9a\u8b1b\u7fa9 (\u984c\u540d\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067 Theory of Climate Change\u3060\u3063\u305f) \u306e\u8b1b\u7fa9\u9332\u3092\u3064\u304f\u3063\u3066(\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u984c\u540d\u306f\u300c\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u8ad6\u300d\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u300c\u5909\u52d5\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5909\u5316\u300d\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u601d\u308f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f)\u3001\u672c\u306b\u3059\u308b\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u308f\u308c\u305f\u30021985\u5e74\u306bPrinceton\u306e\u771f\u934b\u3055\u3093\u306e\u5bb6\u306b\u3068\u3081\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u672c\u306b\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u6b32\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u306a\u3057\u3068\u3052\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30021993\u5e74\u306b\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u6c17\u8c61\u5b66\u4f1a\u306e\u300e<em>\u6c17\u8c61\u7814\u7a76\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8<\/em>\u300f\u306e\u300e<em>\u5927\u6c17\u30fb\u96ea\u6c37\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/em>\u300f\u306b\u3075\u304f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u300c\u6c37\u5e8a\u3068\u6c17\u5019\u611f\u5ea6\u300d(\u963f\u90e8 \u5f69\u5b50\u3055\u3093\u3068\u5171\u8457)<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/ja\/text\/geosci\/ice\/index.html\">[\u672c\u6587]<\/a>\u3068\u300c\u6c37\u671f-\u9593\u6c37\u671f\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3068\u5730\u7403\u306e\u8ecc\u9053\u8981\u7d20\u300d<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/ja\/text\/geosci\/milankovic\/index.html\">[\u672c\u6587]<\/a>\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3042\u308a\u304c\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u306f\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u3084\u308a\u3068\u3052\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u672c\u3068\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u540c\u3058\u3060\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u3053\u306e\u672c\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u570f\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u50cd\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u7ffb\u8a33\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3001\u306a\u304b\u306a\u304b\u9032\u307e\u306a\u3044\u307e\u307e\u306b\u306a\u308a\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002\u7ffb\u8a33\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u306b\u7ffb\u8a33\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3044\u3066\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3084\u7528\u8a9e\u9078\u629e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u52a9\u8a00\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u306a\u304c\u308c\u3092\u5927\u307e\u304b\u306b\u8ffd\u3063\u3066\u8a71\u984c\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u306f\u5e8f\u8ad6\u3067\u3001\u6e29\u5ba4\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u306f\u3001\u771f\u934b\u3055\u3093\u304c\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306e\u5b66\u8aac\u53f2\u3002\u3068\u304f\u306b\u30a2\u30ec\u30cb\u30a6\u30b9\u304c\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u6fc3\u5ea6\u500d\u5897\u3067\u4e16\u754c\u5e73\u5747\u6c17\u6e29\u304c\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3092\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u306f\u3001\u925b\u76f41\u6b21\u5143\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3001\u3068\u304f\u306b Manabe &#038; Wetherald (1967)\u306e\u300c\u653e\u5c04\u5bfe\u6d41\u5e73\u8861\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3001\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u500d\u5897\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u5fdc\u7b54\u300d\u3002(\u3053\u306e\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u300d\u306f\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u3067\u3044\u3046\u5e73\u8861\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3070\u3067\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306f\u300c\u5b9a\u5e38\u5fdc\u7b54\u300d\u3068\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u306f\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u5927\u5faa\u74b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3068\u521d\u671f\u306e\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u306f\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u5927\u5faa\u74b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u500d\u5897\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u5fdc\u7b54\u300d\u3002\u9ad8\u7def\u5ea6\u3067\u5909\u5316\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u51fa\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u306f\u300c\u6c17\u5019\u611f\u5ea6\u300d\u3002\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u500d\u5897\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u5fdc\u7b54\u300d\u306e\u6570\u5024\u306f\u3001\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u304c\u5730\u7403\u653e\u5c04\u3092\u5438\u53ce\u30fb\u5c04\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u81ea\u4f53\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6c34\u84b8\u6c17\u3001\u96f2\u3001\u96ea\u6c37\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u3064\u3046\u3058\u305f\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u3082\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u306f\u6c37\u671f(\u3068\u304f\u306b\u6700\u7d42\u6c37\u671f\u6700\u76db\u671f)\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u306e\u3061\u304c\u3044\u3002Manabe &#038; Broccoli (1985)\u3067\u306f\u6c37\u5e8a\u3060\u3051\u3092\u5909\u3048\u305f\u304c\u3001\u6c37\u671f\u3068\u73fe\u5728(\u7523\u696d\u9769\u547d\u524d)\u3068\u306e\u3061\u304c\u3044\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u3061\u3089\u3082\u5909\u3048\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3082\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f(Broccoli &#038; Manabe 1987 <em>Climate Dynamics<\/em>)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c8\u7ae0\u306f\u5927\u6c17\u6d77\u6d0b\u7d50\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u306e\u300c\u71b1\u6163\u6027\u300d\u304c\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u5316\u306b\u304a\u3088\u307c\u3059\u5f79\u308f\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c9\u7ae0\u306f\u6d77\u6d0b\u306e\u6df1\u5c64\u5faa\u74b0\u304c\u3001\u5bd2\u3044\u6c17\u5019\u3068\u3042\u305f\u305f\u304b\u3044\u6c17\u5019\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3061\u304c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c10\u7ae0\u306f\u3001\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306b\u3068\u3082\u306a\u3063\u3066\u5927\u9678\u4e0a\u306e\u4e7e\u6e7f\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5909\u308f\u308b\u304b\u3002\u6c17\u6e29\u304c\u3042\u304c\u308c\u3070\u3001(\u3082\u3057\u9678\u4e0a\u306b\u6c34\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3070\u3042\u3044\u306e)\u84b8\u767a\u91cf\u306f\u3069\u3053\u3067\u3082\u3075\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u964d\u6c34\u306f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u5730\u57df\u3060\u3051\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u3075\u3048\u3066\u3001\u4e7e\u71e5\u5730\u5e2f\u3067\u306f\u3080\u3057\u308d\u6e1b\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u4e7e\u71e5\u5730\u5e2f\u306f\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u4e7e\u71e5\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6c34\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e0d\u8db3\u3084\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\u306e\u4e0d\u4f5c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u5927\u9678\u4e0a\u306e\u3069\u3053\u3067\u3072\u3069\u304f\u4e7e\u71e5\u3057\u3001\u3069\u3053\u306f\u7121\u4e8b\u3067\u3059\u3080\u304b\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u306f\u3080\u305a\u304b\u3057\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u771f\u934b\u3055\u3093\u306f1981\u5e74\u3054\u308d\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3082\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u3066\u30011983\u5e74\u306e\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3067\u3082\u8a71\u984c\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u771f\u934b\u3055\u3093\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306f\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u5185\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3066\u653f\u6cbb\u306b\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4ef6\u306e\u8b66\u544a\u306f\u3057\u305f\u3044\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u304b\u3048\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u3001\u304f\u308f\u3057\u3044\u76ee\u6b21 (Kindle\u7248\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f) \u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n== \u76ee\u6b21 ==<br \/>\nCover Page<br \/>\nTitle Page<br \/>\nCopyright Page<br \/>\nContents<br \/>\nList of Illustrations<br \/>\nPreface<br \/>\nAcknowledgments<br \/>\nChapter 1: Introduction<br \/>\n &#8211; The Greenhouse Effect<br \/>\n &#8211; [Blackbody Radiation and Kirchhoff&#8217;s Law]<br \/>\n &#8211; Global Warming<br \/>\nChapter 2: Early Studies<br \/>\n &#8211; The Heat-Trapping Envelope<br \/>\n &#8211; The First Quantitative Estimate<br \/>\n &#8211; A Simple Alternative<br \/>\nChapter 3: One-Dimensional Model<br \/>\n &#8211; Radiative-Convective Equilibrium<br \/>\n &#8211; The Response to CO2 Change<br \/>\nChapter 4: General Circulation Models<br \/>\n &#8211; The UCLA Model<br \/>\n &#8211; The GFDL Model<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; The Annual Mean Model<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; The Seasonal Model<br \/>\nChapter 5: Early Numerical Experiments<br \/>\n &#8211; Polar Amplification<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; The CO2-Doubling Experiment<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Change in Solar Irradiance<br \/>\n &#8211; Seasonal Variation<br \/>\nChapter 6: Climate Sensitivity<br \/>\n &#8211; Radiative Feedback<br \/>\n &#8211; The Gain Factor Metric<br \/>\n &#8211; Feedbacks of the Second Kind<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Lapse Rate Feedback<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Water Vapor Feedback<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Albedo Feedback<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Cloud Feedback<br \/>\n &#8211; Feedback in 3-D Models<br \/>\nPlates<br \/>\nChapter 7: Glacial-Interglacial Contrast<br \/>\n &#8211; The Geologic Signature<br \/>\n &#8211; Simulated Glacial-Interglacial Contrast<br \/>\nChapter 8: the Role of the Ocean in Climate Change<br \/>\n &#8211; The Thermal Inertia of the Ocean<br \/>\n &#8211; The Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Model<br \/>\n &#8211; Initialization and Flux Adjustment<br \/>\n &#8211; Global Warming Experiments<br \/>\n &#8211; The Atlantic Ocean<br \/>\n &#8211; The Southern Ocean<br \/>\nChapter 9: Cold Climate and Deep Water Formation<br \/>\nChapter 10: Global Change in Water Availability<br \/>\n &#8211; Acceleration of the Water Cycle<br \/>\n &#8211; Numerical Experiments<br \/>\n &#8211; The Latitudinal Profile<br \/>\n &#8211; River Discharge<br \/>\n &#8211; Soil Moisture<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Drying in Arid and Semiarid Regions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Midcontinental Summer Dryness<br \/>\n &#8211; Implications for the Future<br \/>\nPostscript<br \/>\nReferences<br \/>\nIndex<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Syukuro Manabe &#038; Anthony J. Broccoli, 2020: Beyond Global Warming &#8212; How Numerical Models Revealed t [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9041","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9041"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9041\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9258,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9041\/revisions\/9258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9041"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9041"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}