{"id":8532,"date":"2019-03-10T19:58:27","date_gmt":"2019-03-10T10:58:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=8532"},"modified":"2019-04-12T22:47:42","modified_gmt":"2019-04-12T13:47:42","slug":"hasok-chang-2012-is-water-h2o-%e4%bb%ae%e3%81%ae%e3%83%a1%e3%83%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=8532","title":{"rendered":"Hasok Chang (2012) Is Water H2O? (\u4eee\u306e\u30e1\u30e2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Hasok <strong>Chang<\/strong>, 2012: <em>Is Water H2O? &#8212; Evidence, Realism and Pluralism<\/em> (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science). Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London: Springer Science+Business Media B.V. ISBN 978-94-007-3931-4 , e-ISBN 978-94-007-3932-1 , DOI: 10.0007\/978-94-007-3932-1 . (ISSN 0068-0346 \u3082\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Boston Studies &#8230; \u304c\u9010\u6b21\u520a\u884c\u7269\u3068\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3068\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u30fb\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u3057\u3054\u3068\u3092\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u5b66\u8005\u3060\u3002\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u767a\u9054\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u672c <em>Inventing Temperature<\/em> (2004\u5e74) \u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=6614\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a>\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u3058\u8457\u8005\u306e\u672c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3044\u3063\u3057\u3087\u306b\u8aad\u3082\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3073\u304b\u3051\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u300c\u6c34\u300d\u306f\u300c\u6e29\u5ea6\u300d\u3068\u306a\u3089\u3093\u3067\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u984c\u76ee\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u7d19\u306e\u672c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3068\u308a\u3088\u305b\u308b\u306e\u306b\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308b\u3057\u3001\u7f6e\u304f\u5834\u6240\u306b\u3053\u307e\u308a\u305d\u3046\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u7248\u3092\u8cb7\u3063\u305f\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e(\u300c\u6d0b\u66f8\u300d\u306b\u304b\u304e\u3063\u305f)\u7fd2\u6163\u3067\u3001Amazon Kindle\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u307e\u3060\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001Kindle\u7248\u306e\u672c\u3092\u898b\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u307e\u3067\u306e\u30e1\u30e2\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u306eKindle\u7248\u306f\u3001Kindle\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u306e\u300c\u76ee\u6b21\u300d\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3067\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001\u8868\u7d19(Cover)\u3001Frontmatter\u30015\u3064\u306e\u7ae0\u3001Backmatter\u306e8\u3064\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7ae0\u3054\u3068\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306b\u66f8\u8a8c\u60c5\u5831\u3068Abstract\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7ae0\u3054\u3068\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3067\u58f2\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u3048\u305f\u69cb\u6210\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3002<br \/>\nIntroduction\u304cBackmatter\u306e\u306a\u304b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306fFrontmatter\u306b\u3044\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3082\u306e\u304c\u624b\u3061\u304c\u3044\u3067\u3053\u3046\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002Backmatter\u306b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u307b\u304b\u306b\u7d22\u5f15(index)\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3053\u306eKindle\u7248\u306e\u7d22\u5f15\u306f\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u7b87\u6761\u66f8\u304d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u884c\u304d\u5148\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u3082\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3072\u3089\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u306f\u3001\u6b04\u5916\u306b\u300c1\/317\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b(1\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066)\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c317\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5408\u8a08\u6570\u306f\u3001frontmatter\u3092\u542b\u307e\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001introduction, index\u3092\u3075\u304f\u3080\u6570\u3060\u3002Introduction\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7\u306fbackmatter\u306b\u304a\u304b\u308c\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u304b\u305e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u3042\u3068Springer\u306e\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u672c\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u8aac\u660e\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u8ca9\u58f2\u95a2\u4fc2\u60c5\u5831\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u30fb\u5186\u3060\u3066\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3057\u304b\u306b\u7ae0\u3054\u3068\u306b\u58f2\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001Frontmatter\u3068Backmatter\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u58f2\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3067\u306f\u7ae0\u3054\u3068\u306b\u8cb7\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068Introduction\u3092\u8aad\u3081\u306a\u3044\u30022019-03-10\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u5024\u6bb5\u306f\u5404\u7ae03412\u5186\u3060\u3002\u672c\u5168\u4f53\u306ee-book\u306f7299\u5186\u3067\u3001\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u9632\u6b62\u52a0\u5de5\u306e\u306a\u3044PDF\u307e\u305f\u306fEPUB\u3060\u305d\u3046\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3092\u8cb7\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002(Amazon\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u5b89\u3044\u304c(2019-02-07\u73fe\u5728 5459\u5186\u3060\u3063\u305f)\u3001Kindle\u5c02\u7528\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u7ae0\u306eAbstract\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3082\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u62fe\u3044\u8aad\u307f\u3057\u305f\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u306e\u30e1\u30e2\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u601d\u3044\u3061\u304c\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Water and the Chemical Revolution<\/strong><br \/>\n18\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u3001\u71c3\u713c\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d5\u30ed\u30ae\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u8aac\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u80fd\u529b\u306f\u9178\u7d20\u8aac\u306b\u304a\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306b\u3001\u305f\u307e\u305f\u307e(\u305d\u306e\u4e8b\u60c5\u304c\u691c\u8a0e\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3060\u304c)\u9178\u7d20\u8aac\u304c\u3048\u3089\u3070\u308c\u305f\u3001\u3068\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Electrolysis: Piles of Confusion and Poles of Attraction<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6c34\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u5206\u89e3\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6c34\u304c\u6c34\u7d20\u3068\u9178\u7d20\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u6c34\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u5143\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3044\u307e\u96fb\u6c17\u5206\u89e3\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304c\u5408\u6210\u53cd\u5fdc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89e3\u91c8\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. HO or H2O? How Chemists Learned to Count Atoms<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6c34\u304c\u6c34\u7d20\u3068\u9178\u7d20\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u307f\u3068\u3081\u3066\u3082\u3001\u306a\u3093\u500b\u306e\u539f\u5b50\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u8003\u3048\u308b\u30681\u500b\u305a\u3064\u306e HO \u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u4f53\u7a4d\u6bd4\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3001Avogadro\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001H2O\u3068\u63a8\u6e2c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304c\u3001Avogadro\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u3059\u3050\u306b\u3072\u308d\u304f\u307f\u3068\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8cea\u91cf\u3068\u4f53\u7a4d\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6bd4\u71b1\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u96fb\u8377\u306a\u3069\u3092\u3042\u308f\u305b\u305f\u8a8d\u8b58\u308f\u304f\u3050\u307f\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Active Realism and the Reality of H2O<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6c34\u306fH2O\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3044\u307e\u3084\u3086\u308b\u304e\u306e\u306a\u3044\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3088\u3044\u306e\u304b? \u3053\u3053\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u8b70\u8ad6\u3060\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300cactive scientific realism\u300d\u304c\u3067\u3066\u304f\u308b\u304c\u3001 \u3053\u306erealism\u306f\u300c\u5b9f\u5728\u8ad6\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300c\u73fe\u5b9f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3055\u3048\u3001\u307e\u3060\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Pluralism in Science: A Call to Action<\/strong><br \/>\n\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3044\u3046pluralism\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u71c3\u713c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066(19\u4e16\u7d00\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067)\u9178\u7d20\u8aac\u3068\u30d5\u30ed\u30ae\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u8aac\u304c\u4e26\u884c\u3057\u3066\u8ffd\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5b66\u554f\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u3060\u3051\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u4eba\u3073\u3068\u306e\u77e5\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u3086\u305f\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u5f35\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3002\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u672c\u306b\u3067\u3066\u304d\u305f complementary science \u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u306b\u3061\u304c\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u540c\u3058\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306f\u3001\u3088\u304f\u8aad\u307e\u306a\u3044\u3068\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u304b\u3048\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306fKindle\u7248\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057Introduction\u306fKindle\u7248\u3067\u306fBackmatter\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u672c\u6765\u306e\u5834\u6240\u306f\u76ee\u6b21\u3068\u672c\u6587\u3068\u306e\u3042\u3044\u3060\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3044\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n== \u76ee\u6b21 ==<br \/>\nAcknowledgments<br \/>\nContents<br \/>\nIntroduction #moved#<br \/>\n1. Water and the Chemical Revolution<br \/>\n &#8211; Abstract<br \/>\n &#8211; 1.1 The Premature Death of Phlogiston<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.1.1 Joseph Priestley<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.1.2 Water<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.1.3 The Trouble with Lavoisier<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.1.4 Could Water Be an Element?<br \/>\n &#8211; 1.2 Why Phlogiston Should Have Lived<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.2.1 Phlogiston vs. Oxygen<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Evaluating Systems of Practice<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Problem-Fields<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Divergent Epistemic Values<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Divergent Instantiations of the Same Value<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.2.2 What Really Happened in the Chemical Revolution?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.2.3 Weights, Composition, and Chemical Practice<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; The Importance of Weight<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Compositionism vs. Principlism<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.2.4 What Good Is Phlogiston?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Benefits of Phlogiston<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Benefits of Phlogiston-Oxygen Interaction<br \/>\n &#8211; 1.3 Choice, Rationality, and Alternatives<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.3.1 Rationality<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.3.2 Social Explanations of the Chemical Revolution<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.3.3 Incommensurability<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.3.4 Between Principlism and Compositionism<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 1.3.5 Counterfactual History<br \/>\n &#8211; References<br \/>\n2. Electrolysis: Piles of Confusion and Poles of Attraction<br \/>\n &#8211; Abstract<br \/>\n &#8211; 2.1 Electrolysis and Its Discontents<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.1 The Distance Problem<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.2 Electrolysis as Synthesis<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.3 Lavoisierian Rescue-Hypotheses<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.1.4 &#8220;No Winner&#8221; Is Not &#8220;No Win&#8221;<br \/>\n &#8211; 2.2 Electrocehmistry Undeterred<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.2.1 How the Synthesis View Was Eliminated<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.2.2 How the Lavoisierian Rescue-Hypotheses Fared<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.2.3 The Character of Compound-Water Electrochemistry<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; The Stabilization of Experiment<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; The Diversification of Theory<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Pluralism: Benefits of Toleration and Interaction<br \/>\n &#8211; 2.3 In the Depths of Electrolytic Soclutions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.3.1 The Value of Studying Messy Science<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.3.2 Was Priestley Deluded? A View from the Laboratory<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.3.3 The Intricacies of Ion-Transport<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.3.4 Disputes on How the Battery Works<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 2.3.5 Ritter and Romanticism<br \/>\n &#8211; References<br \/>\n3. HO or H2O? How Chemists Learned to Count Atoms<br \/>\n &#8211; Abstract<br \/>\n &#8211; 3.1 How Do We Count What We Can&#8217;t See?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.1.1 Unobservability and Circularity<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.1.2 The Avogadro-Cannizzaro Myth<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.1.3 Operationalism and Pragmatism in Atomic Chemistry<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.1.4 From Underdetermination to Pluralism<br \/>\n &#8211; 3.2 Variety and Convergence in Atomic Chemistry<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.2.1 Operationalizing the Concept of the Chemical Atom<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Weighing by Equivalence<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Weighing by Combination<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Counting by Volumes<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Counting by Specific Heat<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Sorting by Electric Charge<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.2.2 Competing Systems of Atomic Chemistry<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; The Weight-Only System<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; The Electrochemical Dualistic System<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; The Physical Volume-Weight System<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; The Substitution-Type System<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; The Geometric-Structural System<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.2.3 The H2O Consensus<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Chlorine-Substitution<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Atom-Fixing Power<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Valency, Realism and Compositionism<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.2.4 Beyond Consensus<br \/>\n &#8211; 3.3 From Chemical Complexity to Philosophical Subtlety<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.3.1 Operationalism<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.3.2 Realism<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3.3.3 Pragmatism<br \/>\n &#8211; References<br \/>\n4. Active Realism and the Reality of H2O<br \/>\n &#8211; Abstract<br \/>\n &#8211; 4.1 Is Water Really H2O?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.1.1 Hypothesis-Testing Within Systems of Practice<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.1.2 Imagine!<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.1.3 H2O: A Pluralistic Truth<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.1.4 Knowledge, Progress, and Active Realism<br \/>\n &#8211; 4.2 Active Scientific Realism<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.2.1 Maximizing Our Learning from Reality<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.2.2 The Optimistic Rendition of the Pessimistic Induction<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.2.3 How the Argument from Success Fails<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.2.4 The Immaturity of Maturity-Talk<br \/>\n &#8211; 4.3 Out of the Standard Realist Fly-Bottle<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.3.1 Truth and Its Multiple Meanings<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.3.2 The Certainty Trap<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.3.3 Structure<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 4.3.4 Reference (Farewell to Twin Earth)<br \/>\n &#8211; References<br \/>\n5. Pluralism in Science: A Call to Action<br \/>\n &#8211; Abstract<br \/>\n &#8211; 5.1 Can Science Be Pluralistic?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.1.1 Plurality: From Acceptance to Celebration<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.1.2 Monism and Pluralism<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.1.3 Why Pluralism Is Not Relativism<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.1.4 Is Pluralism Paralyzing?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.1.5 Can We Afford It All?<br \/>\n &#8211; 5.2 Benefits of Plurality, and How to Attain Them<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.2.1 What Is Pluralism?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.2.2 Benefits of Toleration<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Hedging the Bet<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Division of Domain<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Satisfaction of Different Aims<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Multiple Satisfaction<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.2.3 Benefits of Interaction<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Integration<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Co-optation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Competition<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.2.4 Tasks for History and Philosophy of Science<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Pluralist Historiography<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Pluralist Philosophical Practice<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; Complementary Proliferation<br \/>\n &#8211; 5.3 Further Notes on the Practice of Pluralism<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.3.1 Pluralism vs. The Pluralist Stance<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.3.2 Between Metaphysics and Epistemology<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.3.3 Can Monist Help, Too?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 5.3.4 Complementary Science Continued<br \/>\n &#8211; References<br \/>\nIndex<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hasok Chang, 2012: Is Water H2O? &#8212; Evidence, Realism and Pluralism (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8532"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8582,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8532\/revisions\/8582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}