{"id":787,"date":"2011-02-22T20:50:09","date_gmt":"2011-02-22T11:50:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=787"},"modified":"2011-02-22T20:50:09","modified_gmt":"2011-02-22T11:50:09","slug":"sheila-jasanoff-1990-the-fifth-branch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=787","title":{"rendered":"Sheila Jasanoff (1990) The Fifth Branch"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Sheila Jasanoff, 1990 (paperback 1994): <i>The Fifth Branch &#8212; Science Advisers as Policymakers<\/i>. Cambridge MA USA: Harvard University Press, 302 pp. ISBN 0-674-30062-9 (pbk.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u653f\u6cbb\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3068\u3001regulatory science (\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u300c\u898f\u5236\u79d1\u5b66\u300d)\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u3092\u898b\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306f\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u540c\u3058\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3089\u3057\u3044(\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u4e2d\u5cf6, 2002\u53c2\u7167)\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3067\u3082Jasanoff\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eba\u304c\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3089\u3057\u3044\u306e\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30022010\u5e748\u6708\u306b\u6771\u4eac\u30fb\u99d2\u5834\u3067\u300c4S\u300d\u5b66\u4f1a\u304c\u3042\u308a\u8457\u8005\u304c\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051\u4eba\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3068\u805e\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u8b1b\u6f14\u3092\u805e\u304d\u306b\u884c\u3053\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u305d\u3053\u307e\u3067\u8aad\u66f8\u306e\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u3092\u3042\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u306e\u306f2011\u5e742\u6708\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u306f1970-80\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd(USA)\u306eEPA (\u74b0\u5883\u4fdd\u8b77\u5e81)\u3068FDA (\u98df\u54c1\u533b\u85ac\u54c1\u5e81)\u306e\u8aee\u554f\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u304c\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8cea\u306e\u898f\u5236\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u653f\u7b56\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u50cd\u304d\u3092\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002\u898f\u5236\u79d1\u5b66\u306f\u7d14\u7c8b\u79d1\u5b66(\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u306fresearch science)\u3068\u306f\u9055\u3063\u305f\u7279\u5fb4 &#8212;\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u306a\u77e5\u898b\u3057\u304b\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u671f\u9650\u3064\u304d\u3067\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069&#8212; 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\u59d4\u54e1\u306e\u4efb\u547d\u306f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5c02\u9580\u6027\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5206\u79d1\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306f\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u305b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e00\u65b9\u306b\u504f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u914d\u616e\u3082\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8aee\u554f\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306b\u306f\u898b\u89e3\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u3057\u304b\u305f\u306f\u3001\u88c1\u5224\u3084\u4e0e\u91ce\u515a\u5bfe\u7acb\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u8b70\u4f1a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5bfe\u6297(adversary)\u578b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5408\u610f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5f97\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u4ea4\u6e09(negotiation)\u578b\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u898f\u5236\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4ea4\u6e09\u578b\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5408\u610f\u8ffd\u6c42\u578b\u306e\u614b\u5ea6\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5bfe\u6297\u578b\u3067\u306f\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u30581980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306eEPA\u3067\u3082\u3001\u8fb2\u85ac\u898f\u5236\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8b70\u8ad6\u306f\u5bfe\u6297\u578b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u304c\u3061\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8aee\u554f\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u304cEPA\u5185\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3088\u308a\u3082\u88fd\u9020\u4f01\u696d\u304c\u793a\u3057\u305f\u79d1\u5b66\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u307b\u3046\u3092\u4fe1\u983c\u3057\u3066EPA\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u305f\u898f\u5236\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u3057\u305f\u4f8b\u304c\u8907\u6570\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u901a\u79f0Alar\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30ea\u30f3\u30b4\u306e\u54c1\u8cea\u4fdd\u6301\u5264\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u74b0\u5883NGO\u304c\u5225\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u30de\u30b9\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3057\u3066\u4e16\u8ad6\u3068\u8b70\u4f1a\u3092\u898f\u5236\u5f37\u5316\u5074\u306b\u50be\u3051\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306f\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3092\u8ffd\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u7acb\u5834\u306e\u52dd\u5229\u3068\u3068\u3089\u3048\u308b\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001NGO\u306e\u8cea\u306e\u4f4e\u3044\u79d1\u5b66\u304c\u307e\u304b\u308a\u901a\u3063\u305f\u5931\u6557\u4f8b\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u304c\u3051\u3063\u3053\u3046\u3044\u308b\u3089\u3057\u3044(\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306b\u306f\u307e\u3060\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3068\u3082\u8a00\u3048\u306a\u3044)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u306b\u306f\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u304c\u51fa\u305f\u306e\u306fIPCC\u304c\u767a\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u9593\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3053\u308d\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b\u3002IPCC\u304c\u4eca\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f62\u3092\u3068\u308b\u306b\u306fUSA\u653f\u6a29\u306e\u610f\u5fd7\u304c\u50cd\u3044\u305f\u3068\u805e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u56fd\u969b\u3068\u56fd\u5185\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306eEPA\u306e\u5927\u6c17\u6c5a\u67d3\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8aee\u554f\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306b\u3061\u304c\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3055\u3066\u4eca\u3001\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u9593\u3067\u306f\u898b\u89e3\u306e\u4e00\u81f4(consensus)\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306aconsensus\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7d14\u7c8b\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3067\u306f\u305d\u3061\u3089\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002[2011-03-13\u8ffd\u8a18: \u7d14\u7c8b\u79d1\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u6279\u5224\u7684\u691c\u8a0e\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u6279\u5224\u7684\u691c\u8a0e\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3092\u7591\u3063\u3066\u304b\u304b\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3057\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u89e3\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u60aa\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002] Consensus\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u614b\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3055\u306b(\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u3067\u8a00\u3048\u3070)\u898f\u5236\u79d1\u5b66\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3082\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u671f\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u9805\u76ee\u3067\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\u306e\u3060\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3053\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u306f\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u6c7a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u6709\u7528\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u3055\u304c\u3059\u4ea4\u6e09(negotiation)\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EPA\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5b98\u5e81\u304c\u898f\u5236\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5229\u5bb3\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u3042\u308b\u7523\u696d\u304c\u53cd\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u969b\u306b\u3001\u898f\u5236\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u8cea\u3092\u7591\u3046\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u30011970\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u305fadversary\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u518d\u6765\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002\u306a\u304a\u3001USA\u3067\u306f(\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u9632\u6b62\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7acb\u6cd5\u304c\u306a\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u60c5\u3082\u3042\u3063\u3066)\u3001EPA\u304c\u5927\u6c17\u6c5a\u67d3\u9632\u6b62\u6cd5(Clean Air Act)\u3067CO2\u3092\u898f\u5236\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/climatechange\/endangerment.html\">Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act<\/a>)\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u306f\u898f\u5236\u79d1\u5b66\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u304b\u3064\u3066\u306e\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8cea\u898f\u5236\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u696d\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304cEPA\u3088\u308a\u3082\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u63a5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3001\u898f\u5236\u53cd\u5bfe\u8ad6\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306b\u3088\u308bpeer review\u3092\u91cd\u8996\u3059\u308btechnocratic\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3002\u898f\u5236\u652f\u6301\u8ad6\u8005\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u4f4f\u6c11\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u3092\u91cd\u8996\u3059\u308bdemocratic\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eca\u306f\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9650\u308a\u3001\u898f\u5236\u53cd\u5bfe\u8ad6\u8005\u304c\u4f7f\u304a\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u306f\u5b98\u5e81\u304c\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3088\u308a\u3082\u8ca7\u5f31\u3060\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u898f\u5236\u652f\u6301\u8ad6\u8005\u304c\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3092\u4fe1\u983c\u3059\u308btechnocratic\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u898f\u5236\u53cd\u5bfe\u8ad6\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306f\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u304c\u3057\u308d\u3046\u3068\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3066\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u72ec\u5360\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u502b\u7406\u7684\u30fb\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3057\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u8cea\u3092\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001democratic\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u306b\u306ftechnocratic\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306e\u4f8b\u306f\u591a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001democratic\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u898f\u5236\u5b98\u5e81\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u304c\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306e\u53c2\u8003\u4f8b\u306b\u306f\u51fa\u4f1a\u308f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u304b\u308d\u3046\u3058\u3066Alar\u306e\u4ef6\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c)\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u653f\u6cbb\u3092\u306a\u3093\u3068\u304b\u7dda\u5f15\u304d\u3057\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306fadversary\u306b\u306a\u3089\u305aconsensus\u3092\u3081\u3056\u3059\u306e\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5909\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>\u6587\u732e<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e2d\u5cf6 \u8cb4\u5b50, 2002: \u8ad6\u4e89\u3059\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u300e<i>\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u306e\u73fe\u5728<\/i>\u300f (\u91d1\u68ee \u4fee, \u4e2d\u5cf6 \u79c0\u4eba \u7de8, \u52c1\u8349\u66f8\u623f), 183 &#8211; 201.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sheila Jasanoff, 1990 (paperback 1994): The Fifth Branch &#8212; Science Advisers as Policymakers. Cambridge M [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=787"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/787\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}