{"id":6122,"date":"2015-10-31T01:50:20","date_gmt":"2015-10-30T16:50:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=6122"},"modified":"2015-10-31T01:50:20","modified_gmt":"2015-10-30T16:50:20","slug":"joanna-d-haigh-peter-cargill-2015-the-suns-influence-on-the-climate-%e5%a4%aa%e9%99%bd%e3%81%8c%e6%b0%97%e5%80%99%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8a%e3%82%88%e3%81%bc%e3%81%99%e5%bd%b1%e9%9f%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=6122","title":{"rendered":"Joanna D. Haigh &amp; Peter Cargill (2015) The Sun&#039;s Influence on the Climate \/ \u592a\u967d\u304c\u6c17\u5019\u306b\u304a\u3088\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Joanna D. <strong>Haigh<\/strong> &#038; Peter <strong>Cargill<\/strong>, 2015: <em>The Sun&#8217;s Influence on the Climate<\/em> (Princeton Primers in Climate). Princeton University Press, 207 pp. ISBN 978-0-691-15384-1 (pbk.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u79d1\u5b66\u5165\u9580\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u306e1\u518a\u30022015\u5e747\u6708\u306b\u540c\u3058\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u306eMarshall (2012) \u306e\u96ea\u6c37\u570f\u306e\u672c\u306e<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=5661\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a>\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u65b0\u520a\u306b\u6c17\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6ce8\u6587\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u8aad\u3080\u306e\u306f10\u6708\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u88c5\u4e01\u306f\u540c\u3058\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u672c\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306a\u30da\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3060\u304c\u3001\u8868\u7d19\u306e\u8272\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u3053\u306e\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u672c\u306f\u7dd1\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9752\u7cfb\u7d71\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3068\u9055\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30aa\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u8272\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u306e\u4eba\u3067\u3001Haigh\u6c0f\u306f\u5927\u6c17\u7269\u7406\u3001Cargill\u6c0f\u306f\u7d71\u8a08\u6570\u5b66\u304c\u5c02\u9580\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u305f\u3057\u304b2001\u5e74\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u5b66\u4f1a\u306e\u592a\u967d\u3068\u6c17\u5019\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067Haigh\u6c0f\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3092\u805e\u3044\u305f\u304a\u307c\u3048\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u592a\u967d\u3068\u3001\u5730\u7403\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u3081\u3066\u3001\u592a\u967d\u304c\u6c17\u5019\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u304a\u3088\u307c\u3059\u3057\u304f\u307f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8003\u3048\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d50\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u592a\u967d\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u306f\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u6c17\u5019\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u5f8c\u767e\u5e74\u307b\u3069\u306e\u5168\u5730\u7403\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u5316\u306e\u5c55\u671b\u306b\u9650\u308c\u3070\u3001\u592a\u967d\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6570\u767e\u5e74(Galileo\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765)\u306b\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u305f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\u5909\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u5897\u52a0\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3088\u308a\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u898b\u901a\u3057\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u305d\u306e\u7406\u5c48\u306b\u306f\u78ba\u5b9f\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u3088\u308a\u3082\u592a\u967d\u304c\u5927\u4e8b\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u3092\u8aac\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u306a\u304a\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5e73\u5747\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5730\u57df\u5225\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u306b\u306f\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5909\u5316\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5927\u6c17\u306e\u52a0\u71b1\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6d77\u9762\u306e\u52a0\u71b1\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u96f2\u3092\u4ecb\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u5927\u6c17\u306e\u529b\u5b66\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5e83\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3088\u3073\u3046\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4f4e\u6c17\u5727\u3068\u9ad8\u6c17\u5727\u3001\u9ad8\u6e29\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3068\u4f4e\u6e29\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u5834\u6240\u3054\u3068\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u5927\u304d\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u306e\u305d\u306e\u8a71\u306f\u3001\u592a\u967d\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u6d3b\u767a\u3060\u3068\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u306e\u3069\u3053\u304c\u6691\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3075\u3046\u306b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4eca\u306e\u5b66\u554f\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u7b54\u3048\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308c\u3070\u7b54\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u304c\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306b\u9055\u3048\u3070\u9060\u65b9\u306e\u5fdc\u7b54\u306f\u9006\u7b26\u53f7\u306b\u3055\u3048\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u3067\u3044\u3046\u30ab\u30aa\u30b9\u7684\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1(\u5929\u6c17\u4e88\u5831\u304c\u4f55\u65e5\u5148\u307e\u3067\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u306e\u8a71\u3068\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u8a00\u3046\u3068\u5225\u3060\u304c\u6839\u306f\u540c\u3058)\u3067\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u3082\u7b54\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3080\u305a\u304b\u3057\u3044\u306e\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\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3046\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u3088\u308a\u306fGray\u307b\u304b(2010)\u306e\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u8ad6\u6587(Haigh\u6c0f\u3082\u5171\u8457\u8005)\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u308c\u3068\u5225\u306e\u6587\u732e\u306e\u5171\u8457\u8005\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u5c0f\u5bfa\u90a6\u5f66(\u3082\u3068\u6c17\u8c61\u7814\u7a76\u6240)\u3001\u9ed2\u7530\u53cb\u4e8c(\u6c17\u8c61\u7814\u7a76\u6240)\u4e21\u6c0f\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u3082\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3068\u5225\u306b\u3001\u9280\u6cb3\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\u304c\u3001\u7a7a\u6c17\u5206\u5b50\u3092\u96fb\u96e2\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u96f2\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u63d0\u5531\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3046\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u3068\u5171\u901a\u3060\u304c\u3001\u9055\u3046\u7406\u5c48\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306f\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u96f2\u7c92\u306e\u5f62\u6210\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u3001\u3082\u3046\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306f\u7a7a\u6c17\u306e\u96fb\u96e2\u304c\u5730\u7403\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u96fb\u6d41\u3092\u5909\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u96f7\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u96f2\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c6,7\u7ae0\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3066\u3001\u592a\u967d\u304b\u3089\u5730\u7403\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u3078\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TSI\u304b\u3089\n<ul>\n<li>\u5168\u5730\u7403\u5e73\u5747\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u53ce\u652f\u30021 W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>\u30670.1K\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ENSO\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5730\u57df\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u5f71\u97ff? (\u672a\u89e3\u660e)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6210\u5c64\u570f\u306e\u52a0\u71b1\u2192\u5927\u6c17\u529b\u5b66\u2192{\u6975\u6e26\u3001\u71b1\u5e2f\u5927\u5faa\u74b0\u306a\u3069}<\/li>\n<li>\u592a\u967d\u7531\u6765\u306e\u9ad8\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u7c92\u5b50\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u6210\u5206(\u30aa\u30be\u30f3\u306a\u3069)\u306b\u5f71\u97ff<\/li>\n<li>\u9280\u6cb3\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\u304b\u3089 (\u4e0a\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u305f2\u3064\u306e\u9053\u7b4b)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7b2c8\u7ae0\u306f\u300c\u5b87\u5b99\u5929\u6c17\u300d\u306e\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5730\u4e0a\u306e\u5929\u6c17\u3068\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5730\u7403\u5468\u8fba\u306e\u78c1\u5834\u3084\u96fb\u96e2\u5c64\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u592a\u967d\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u73fe\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u885b\u661f\u3084\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3092\u3068\u3076\u98db\u884c\u6a5f\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u3068\u4eba\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u96fb\u6ce2\u306b\u3088\u308b\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u9001\u96fb\u7db2\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u306a\u3069\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5e38\u6642\u76e3\u8996\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u306a\u308a\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300cKamide &#038; Chian 2007\u300d\u306e\u672c\u306e\u7de8\u8005\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u4e0a\u51fa\u6d0b\u4ecb\u6c0f\u304c2011\u5e74\u306b\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u4e00\u822c\u5411\u3051\u89e3\u8aac\u66f8\u300e<em>\u592a\u967d\u3068\u5730\u7403\u306e\u3075\u3057\u304e\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2<\/em>\u300f<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=1831\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a>\u3082\u3053\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u3092\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c9\u7ae0\u306f\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u3067\u3075\u308c\u305fattribution\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u300119\u4e16\u7d00\u306a\u304b\u3070\u304b\u308920\u4e16\u7d00\u306a\u304b\u3070\u307e\u3067\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6607\u306e10%\u304c\u592a\u967d\u8d77\u6e90\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002(20\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6607\u3078\u306e\u592a\u967d\u306e\u5bc4\u4e0e\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u592a\u967d\u304c\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u3092\u9045\u3089\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u671f\u5f85\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u304c\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3042\u3066\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002\u307e\u305a\u3001\u592a\u967d\u6d3b\u52d5\u304c\u5f31\u307e\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306f\u4e88\u6e2c\u56f0\u96e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u592a\u967d\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u5909\u52d5\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u7d0411\u5e74\u5468\u671f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6570\u5e74\u5f31\u304f\u3066\u3082\u6b21\u306e\u6570\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u307e\u305f\u5f37\u307e\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u307e\u305f\u592a\u967d\u304c\u5f31\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6e29\u5ba4\u52b9\u679c\u5f37\u5316\u3092\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3059\u306e\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6c34\u5faa\u74b0\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u6c34\u4e0d\u8db3\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u5730\u57df\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002(\u592a\u967d\u653e\u5c04\u53cd\u5c04\u3092\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u306b\u3075\u3084\u3059\u69cb\u60f3\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u884c\u306a\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3001\u300c\u592a\u967d\u5b9a\u6570\u300d\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3057\u305f\u6c17\u5019\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u4ed8\u9332\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u6c17\u5019\u8a18\u9332\u304b\u3089\u592a\u967d\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u7d39\u4ecb\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5468\u671f\u6027\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u304c\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3060\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u300c\u6307\u7d0b\u6cd5\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6c17\u5019\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3082\u4f7f\u3044\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u5f37\u5236\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5fdc\u7b54\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30f3\u3068\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30f3\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L. J. Gray, J. Beer, M. Geller, J. D. Haigh, M. Lockwood, K. Matthes, U. Cubasch, D. Fleitmann, G. Harrison, L. Hood, J. Luterbacher, G. A. Meehl, D. Shindell, B. van Geel, W. White, 2010: Solar influences on climate. <em>Reviews of Geophysics<\/em>, <strong>48<\/strong>, RG4001, <a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2009RG000282\"<\/a>doi:10.1029\/2009RG000282<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u8a73\u3057\u3044\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\nContents<br \/>\n1. Introduction<br \/>\n2. The Earth&#8217;s Climate System<br \/>\n &#8211; Composition<br \/>\n &#8211; Clouds<br \/>\n &#8211; Temperature<br \/>\n &#8211; Winds<br \/>\n &#8211; Transport of Heat by Circulation of the Atmosphere<br \/>\n &#8211; Surface Pressure<br \/>\n &#8211; Oceans<br \/>\n &#8211; Modes of Variability<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; The El Ni&ntilde;o &#8211; Southern Oscillation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Polar Modes<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation<br \/>\n &#8211; Climate and Weather<br \/>\n &#8211; Climate Modeling<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Constraints on the Performance of GCMs<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Radiative Processes in GCMs<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Water and Clouds in GCMs<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Models of Reduced Complexity<br \/>\n3. The Sun<br \/>\n &#8211; A Quick Tour<br \/>\n &#8211; Solar Radiation<br \/>\n &#8211; The Solar Interior and Visible Surface<br \/>\n &#8211; The Solar Magnetic Field<br \/>\n &#8211; Sunspots and Faculae<br \/>\n &#8211; Chromosphere, Corona, and Solar Wind<br \/>\n &#8211; Flares, Coronal Mass Ejections, and Energetic Particles<br \/>\n4. Solar Radiation at the Earth<br \/>\n &#8211; Solar Radiation at the Top of the Atmosphere<br \/>\n &#8211; The Earth&#8217;s Radiative Equilibrium Temperature<br \/>\n &#8211; Earth&#8217;s Energy Budget and the Greenhouse Effect<br \/>\n &#8211; Radiative Forcing and Climate Sensitivity<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Solar Radiative Forcing of Climate Change<br \/>\n &#8211; Solar Radiation within the Earth&#8217;s Atmosphere<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Solar Heating Rate<br \/>\n &#8211; Scattering of Radiation<br \/>\n &#8211; Atmospheric Temperature Profiles<br \/>\n &#8211; Photochemistry<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Stratospheric Ozone<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; The Ozone Hole<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Energetic Particle and Chemistry<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Tropospheric Chemistry<br \/>\n5. Solar Variability<br \/>\n &#8211; Variations in TSI across a Solar Cycle<br \/>\n &#8211; Sunspots and Faculae<br \/>\n &#8211; UV, EUV, and X-Rays<br \/>\n &#8211; The Solar Wind, Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF), Coronal Mass Ejections, and Auroras<br \/>\n &#8211; Galactic Cosmic Rays and Cosmogenic Isotopes<br \/>\n &#8211; Extrapolating TSI to the Past<br \/>\n &#8211; The 2008\/2010 Minimum: &#8230; And the Future<br \/>\n6. Solar Signals in Surface Climate<br \/>\n &#8211; Paleoclimate Temperature Records<br \/>\n &#8211; Factors Influencing Global Surface Temperature<br \/>\n &#8211; Regional Effects<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Polar Regions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Tropics<br \/>\n7. Solar Influence through the Atmosphere<br \/>\n &#8211; Solar Signals Detected in Observations<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Wind and Temperature in the Upper Atmosphere<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Wind and Temperature in the Stratosphere and Troposphere<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Stratospheric Ozone<br \/>\n &#8211; Understanding the Signals<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Variations in the Solar Spectrum<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Solar Energetic Particles<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Galactic Cosmic Rays and Clouds<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Dynamic Effects within the Stratosphere<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; A Dynamic Influence of the Stratosphere on the Troposphere<br \/>\n &#8211; Mechanisms for a Solar Influence on Climate: An Overview<br \/>\n8. Space Weather<br \/>\n &#8211; Causes of Space Weather<br \/>\n &#8211; Effect of Space Weather on Technical Systems<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Geomagnetically Induced Currents<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Atmospheric Drag<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Airline Radiation Levels and Astronaut Safety<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Spacecraft Anomalies<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Communications<br \/>\n &#8211; Prediction and Forecasting of Space Weather<br \/>\n &#8211; Space Climate<br \/>\n9. Summary<br \/>\nAppendix: Detection of Solar Signals in Climate and Weather Records<br \/>\nGlossary<br \/>\nSuggestions for Further Reading<br \/>\nBibliography<br \/>\nIndex<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Joanna D. Haigh &#038; Peter Cargill, 2015: The Sun&#8217;s Influence on the Climate (Princeton Primers in Cli [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6122"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6122\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}