{"id":6005,"date":"2015-10-20T20:46:57","date_gmt":"2015-10-20T11:46:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=6005"},"modified":"2020-02-07T18:31:46","modified_gmt":"2020-02-07T09:31:46","slug":"gillen-darcy-wood-2014-tambora-the-eruption-that-changed-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=6005","title":{"rendered":"Gillen D&#8217;Arcy Wood (2014) Tambora &#8212; The Eruption that Changed the World"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Gillen D&#8217;Arcy <strong>Wood<\/strong>, 2014: <em>Tambora &#8212; The Eruption that Changed the World<\/em>. Princeton NJ USA: Princeton University Press, 293 pp. ISBN 978-0-691-15054-3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u30102015\u5e74\u590f\u306f\u3001\u8aad\u66f8\u306f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u8aad\u66f8\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0\u3092\u66f4\u65b0\u3059\u308b\u610f\u6b32\u3092\u5931\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u3001\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30d0\u30a4\u30c0\u304c\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0\u3067\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u306e\u65e7\u7248\u3092\u3082\u3046\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3001\u65b0\u7248\u306b\u79fb\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f15\u3063\u8d8a\u3057\u304c\u7121\u4e8b\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u518d\u958b\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n<p>Tambora\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30cd\u30b7\u30a2\u306eSumbawa\u5cf6\u306b\u3042\u308b\u706b\u5c71\u3067\u30011815\u5e744\u670810\u65e5\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5674\u706b\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u5929\u5019(climate\u3060\u304c\u3053\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u304c\u9069\u5207\u3060\u308d\u3046)\u306b\u3001\u3072\u3044\u3066\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30102014\u5e744\u6708\u3001\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u304b\u3089\u6c17\u5019\u79d1\u5b66\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u672c\u3092\u6ce8\u6587\u3057\u305f\u3064\u3044\u3067\u306b\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u306e\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u65b0\u520a\u6848\u5185\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3089\u3053\u308c\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3064\u3044\u3067\u306b\u6ce8\u6587\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u300c\u7a4d\u3093\u3069\u304f\u300d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30022015\u5e7410\u6708\u3001\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u6c17\u5019\u5de5\u5b66(\u30b8\u30aa\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30cb\u30a2\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0)\u306e\u63d0\u6848\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u592a\u967d\u5149\u306e\u53cd\u5c04\u3092\u3075\u3084\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6210\u5c64\u570f\u306b\u30a8\u30fc\u30ed\u30be\u30eb\u3092\u5165\u308c\u308b\u69cb\u60f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3046\u3061\u306b\u3001\u706b\u5c71\u5674\u706b\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u66f4\u65b0\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u5fc5\u8981\u3092\u611f\u3058\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5916\u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u5dfb\u672b\u5074\u306e\u898b\u8fd4\u3057\u3067\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7d39\u4ecb\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Gillen D&#8217;Arcy Wood is professor of English of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, where he directs the Sustainability Studies Initiative in the Humanities. He has written extensively on the cultural and environmental history of the nineteenth century.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5c02\u9580\u306f19\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u53f2\u30fb\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u3060\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u300c\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6559\u6388\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u306f\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u66f8\u304d\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u8077\u52d9\u306b\u542b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u304c\u3001Mary Shelley\u306e<em>Frankenstein<\/em>\u3084Byron\u306e\u8a69\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u3092\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u3066\u5275\u4f5c\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u3092\u8ad6\u8a55\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u672c\u696d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u3084\u6587\u5b66\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u77e5\u898b\u3092\u3069\u3046\u53d7\u3051\u6b62\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u5e78\u3044\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8aa4\u89e3\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u898b\u5f53\u305f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306f\u5927\u6c17\u79d1\u5b66\u79d1\u306e\u30bb\u30df\u30ca\u30fc\u306b\u51fa\u5e2d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u3082\u306a\u3058\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u672c\u7b4b\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u8077\u696d\u304c\u3089\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u66f8\u304d\u3068\u3081\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u300182\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u300ca northerly poleward flow of tropical air through Bengal\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5225\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0\u8a18\u4e8b<a href=\"http:\/\/d.hatena.ne.jp\/masudako\/20120318\/1332043918\">\u300c\u897f\u98a8\u306f\u6771\u5411\u304d\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u300d<\/a>\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u6c17\u8c61\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u7fd2\u6163\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070northerly\u306f\u5317\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u3001poleward\u306f\u6975\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3046\u6d41\u308c\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u3053\u306f\u5317\u534a\u7403\u306a\u306e\u3067\u4e21\u8005\u306f\u53cd\u5bfe\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u306e\u8a9e\u3092\u6c17\u8c61\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u7fd2\u6163\u3068\u9055\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u300122\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306e1815\u5e744\u670810-11\u65e5\u306e\u3067\u304d\u3054\u3068\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u300cDriven west by the beginning monsoon, Tambora&#8217;s ash cloud consumed Sumbawa and Lombok before descending on Bali, &#8230;\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002Tambora\u5c71\u306f\u5357\u7def8\u5ea6\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u71b1\u5e2f\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3067\u3082\u8d64\u9053\u57df\u3068\u3044\u3048\u308b\u3002\u8d64\u9053\u57df\u3067\u300c\u30e2\u30f3\u30b9\u30fc\u30f3\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u3055\u3059\u304b\u306f\u3080\u305a\u304b\u3057\u3044\u3002\u5730\u4e0a\u3068(\u5bfe\u6d41\u570f\u5185\u3067\u3082)\u4e0a\u7a7a\u3068\u306f\u98a8\u5411\u304c\u9055\u3044\u3046\u308b\u3002\u3072\u3068\u307e\u305a\u5730\u4e0a\u306e\u98a8\u5411\u3067\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u30011-3\u6708\u306a\u3089\u5357\u534a\u7403\u306e\u30015-8\u6708\u306a\u3089\u3070\u5317\u534a\u7403\u306e\u590f\u306e\u30e2\u30f3\u30b9\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u897f\u98a8\u304c\u306f\u3044\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u304c\u30014\u6708\u306f\u897f\u98a8\u304c\u306f\u3044\u308a\u306b\u304f\u3044\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u306f\u897f\u5074\u306eLombok, \u3055\u3089\u306bBali\u306b\u6d41\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u897f\u98a8\u306e\u306f\u3044\u308b\u5b63\u7bc0\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3089\u6771\u306b\u6d41\u308c\u305f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308c\u3070\u3001\u300c\u5b63\u7bc0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u98a8\u5411\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306e\u30e2\u30f3\u30b9\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u898b\u3048\u305f\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3092\u7d30\u5206\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001(\u300c\u30e2\u30f3\u30b9\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u306f\u5909\u3067) \u5357\u5317\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30f3\u30b9\u30fc\u30f3\u3082\u306a\u3044\u6642\u671f\u3060\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3053\u3046\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5ca9\u77f3\u8cea\u306e\u706b\u5c71\u5674\u51fa\u7269\u3082\u5730\u57df\u306e(Tambora\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306a\u3089\u3070\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30cd\u30b7\u30a2\u4e00\u56fd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e)\u5929\u5019\u306b\u306f\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u5168\u5730\u7403\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u5929\u5019\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306f\u6210\u5c64\u570f\u306b\u9054\u3057\u305f\u30a8\u30fc\u30ed\u30be\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u304a\u3082\u306a\u6210\u5206\u306f\u786b\u9178\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u3075\u307e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Robock (2000)\u306e\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u8ad6\u6587\u3084\u3001Robock\u306e\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3084\u5357\u6975\u306e\u6c37\u30b3\u30a2\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u706b\u5c71\u5674\u706b\u3067\u51fa\u305f\u786b\u9178\u306e\u91cf\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf(Gao et al., 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(1998)\u306e<em>Historical Perspectives on Climate Change<\/em> <a 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\u4e2d\u56fd\u306b\u306f(\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u897f\u6d0b\u3068\u9055\u3063\u3066)\u516c\u7684\u7a40\u7269\u5099\u84c4\u306e\u5236\u5ea6\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u4e0d\u4f5c\u306b\u306f\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u305f\u304c\u30011815-17\u5e74\u306e\u4e0d\u4f5c\u306b\u306f\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002(\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306b\u5e02\u5834\u7d4c\u6e08\u5316\u304c\u9032\u3093\u3067\u3044\u3066\u305d\u306e\u3076\u3093\u306f\u5099\u84c4\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305b\u3044\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002) \u98e2\u3048\u308b\u6c11\u8846\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092 <strong>\u674e<\/strong> \u65bc\u967d (<strong>Li<\/strong> Yuyang)\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eba\u304c\u8a69\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3010\u3053\u306e\u8a69\u4eba\u306e\u540d\u307e\u3048\u306e\u6f22\u5b57\u306f\u3001\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u5b57\u300cLi Yuyang\u300d\u3084\u6f22\u5b57\u300c\u96f2\u5357\u300d\u306a\u3069\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305f<em>New York Times<\/em>\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b(Broad, 2015)\u306e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a9e\u7248\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u308f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3061\u306a\u307f\u306b\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306f\u300c\u4f0d\u5fb3\u535a\u58eb\u300d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u304d\u304d\u3093\u304c\u306a\u3093\u3068\u304b\u304a\u3055\u307e\u3063\u305f1820\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u96f2\u5357\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30d8\u30f3\u306e\u751f\u7523\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u6e05\u671d\u306f\u7d71\u5236\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f(\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u50da\u304c\u5f93\u308f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f)\u3002\u5e02\u5834\u7d4c\u6e08\u304c\u767a\u9054\u3057\u3001\u8fb2\u6c11\u306f\u73fe\u91d1\u306b\u306a\u308b\u4f5c\u7269\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u305b\u307e\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002(\u4e26\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3068\u306e\u300c\u30a2\u30d8\u30f3\u6226\u4e89\u300d\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u4e8b\u614b\u3082\u9032\u3093\u3060\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3002) 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disease\u3060\u300d\u3068\u307e\u3067\u3044\u3046\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u5929\u5019\u30fb\u6c17\u5019\u306e\u6642\u9593\u898f\u6a21\u304c\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5909\u5316\u304c\u533a\u5225\u306a\u3057\u306b\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u306f<strong>\u5317\u6975\u6d77<\/strong>\u306e\u8a71\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306fTambora\u5674\u706b\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b1816-17\u5e74\u306e\u7570\u5e38\u5929\u5019\u306f\u5bd2\u51b7\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13\u3067\u6d77\u6c37\u306b\u8986\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u6d77\u57df\u306b\u6c37\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8239\u304c\u901a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3002(\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u4f4e\u7def\u5ea6\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u30cf\u30c9\u30bd\u30f3\u6e7e\u3067\u306f\u5bd2\u51b7\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002) \u3053\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u9be8\u304c\u3068\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u307b\u3046\u3078\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u307e\u305a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u6d77\u304c\u3042\u3044\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u9577\u671f\u7d9a\u304f\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3068\u671f\u5f85\u3057\u305fJohn Barrow\u63d0\u7763\u3092\u306f\u3058\u3081\u3068\u3059\u308b\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u6d77\u8ecd\u304c\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u63a2\u691c\u968a\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u30011818\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u307e\u305f\u6c37\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u3063\u3066\u822a\u884c\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061John Franklin\u306e\u968a\u306f\u30101847\u5e74\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3060\u304c\u3011\u5168\u6ec5\u306b\u81f3\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3002\u3010\u5317\u6975\u570f\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u95a2\u5fc3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u3001Barrow\u3092\u30a2\u30e9\u30b9\u30ab\u306e\u5730\u540d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3069\u3093\u306a\u4eba\u306b\u3061\u306a\u3093\u3060\u3082\u306e\u304b\u306f\u3053\u3053\u3067\u521d\u3081\u3066\u77e5\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>William J. <strong>Broad<\/strong> (\u8457), <strong>\u8463<\/strong> \u6960 (\u8b6f) (2015): 200\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u90a3\u5834\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u767c\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u4e16\u754c. <em>\u7d10\u7d04\u6642\u5831\u4e2d\u6587\u7db2<\/em>, http:\/\/cn.nytstyle.com\/living\/20150902\/t02summer\/zh-hant\/ (\u82f1\u65872015-08-25\u3001\u4e2d\u65872015-09-02).<\/li>\n<li>Chaochao <strong>Gao<\/strong>, Alan <strong>Robock<\/strong> and Caspar <strong>Ammann<\/strong>, 2008: Volcanic forcing of climate over the past 1500 years: An improved ice core \u2013based index for climate models. <em>Journal of Geophysical Research<\/em>, <strong>113<\/strong>: D23111. \u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f http:\/\/climate.envsci.rutgers.edu\/IVI2\/ \u304b\u3089\u516c\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>F. <strong>Lavigne<\/strong> et al., 2013: Source of the great A.D. 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia. <em>Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA<\/em>, <strong>110<\/strong>: 16742 &#8211; 16747.<\/li>\n<li>Alan <strong>Robock<\/strong>, 2000: Volcanic eruptions and climate. <em>Reviews of Geophysics<\/em>, <strong>38<\/strong>: 191-219.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n== \u76ee\u6b21 ==<br \/>\nContents<br \/>\nList of Illustrations<br \/>\nNote on Measurements<br \/>\nIntroduction: Frankenstein&#8217;s Weather<br \/>\n1. The Pompeii of the East<br \/>\n &#8211; Time of the ash rain<br \/>\n &#8211; The golden kingdom of Tambora<br \/>\n &#8211; The philosopher king of Java<br \/>\n2. The Little (Volcanic) Ice Age<br \/>\n &#8211; The volcano lovers<br \/>\n &#8211; The 1810s: coldest of the cold<br \/>\n &#8211; Scaling Tambora<br \/>\n3. &#8220;This End of the World Weather&#8221;<br \/>\n &#8211; Monsters of Geneva<br \/>\n &#8211; The first meteorologist<br \/>\n &#8211; Europe&#8217;s last famine<br \/>\n &#8211; Frankenstein and the refugees<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8220;The bright sun was extinguish&#8217;d&#8221;<br \/>\n &#8211; The Bologna prophecy<br \/>\n4. Blue Death in Bengal<br \/>\n &#8211; Apollo&#8217;s deadly arrows<br \/>\n &#8211; The year without a monsoon<br \/>\n &#8211; Death on the Ghauts<br \/>\n &#8211; Cholera and climate change<br \/>\n &#8211; Cholera goes global<br \/>\n &#8211; The Last Man<br \/>\n5. The Seven Sorrows of Yunnan<br \/>\n &#8211; South of the cloud<br \/>\n &#8211; Years without a summer<br \/>\n &#8211; The poetry of famine<br \/>\n &#8211; The opium connection<br \/>\n6. The Polar Garden<br \/>\n &#8211; Global warming, nineteenth-century style<br \/>\n &#8211; Bernard O&#8217;Reilly: the forgotten man<br \/>\n &#8211; Captain Scoresby&#8217;s marine diver<br \/>\n &#8211; The man who ate his boots<br \/>\n7. Ice Tsunami in the Alps<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8220;The race of man flies far in dread&#8221;<br \/>\n &#8211; Doomsday in the Val de Bagnes<br \/>\n &#8211; A catastrophe, but not catastrophism<br \/>\n8. The Other Irish Famine<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8220;A season dreadful and melancholy&#8221;<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8220;The terrible realities of 1817&#8221;<br \/>\n &#8211; One louse, two lice<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8220;The amiable peculiarity of the Irish character&#8221;<br \/>\n9. Hard Times at Monticello<br \/>\n &#8211; Eighteen-hundred-and-froze-to-death<br \/>\n &#8211; Cold new world &#8230;<br \/>\n &#8211; Tambora and the panic of 1819<br \/>\n &#8211; The return of climate pessimism<br \/>\nEpilogue: <i>Et in Extremis Ego<\/i><br \/>\nAcknowledgments<br \/>\nNotes<br \/>\nBibliography<br \/>\nIndex<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gillen D&#8217;Arcy Wood, 2014: Tambora &#8212; The Eruption that Changed the World. Princeton NJ USA: Princet [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6005","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6005","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6005"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6005\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9067,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6005\/revisions\/9067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6005"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6005"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6005"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}