{"id":5543,"date":"2015-04-27T18:44:17","date_gmt":"2015-04-27T09:44:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=5543"},"modified":"2015-04-27T18:44:17","modified_gmt":"2015-04-27T09:44:17","slug":"warren-m-washington-2006-2008-odessey-in-climate-modeling-global-warming-and-advising-five-presidents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=5543","title":{"rendered":"Warren M. Washington (2006, 2008) Odessey in Climate Modeling, Global Warming, and Advising Five Presidents"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Warren M. <strong>Washington<\/strong> (ed. Mary C. <strong>Washington<\/strong>) 2006, second edition 2008: <em>Odessey in Climate Modeling, Global Warming, and Advising Five Presidents<\/em>. Lulu.com, 279 pp. ISBN 978-1-4303-1696-1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6c17\u5019\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u4ee3\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u3072\u3068\u308a(\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u4ee3\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3067\u306f\u82e5\u3044\u307b\u3046)\u306e\u81ea\u4f1d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30102010\u5e74\u3001\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u82f1\u8a9e\u570f\u306e\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0\u3092\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u898b\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3089\u3001\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u304c\u672c\u3092\u51fa\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u5f97\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8cb7\u304a\u3046\u304b\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u51fa\u7248\u3082\u3068(\u7d19\u306e\u672c\u3092\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u901a\u4fe1\u8ca9\u58f2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8)\u306e\u76ee\u9332\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3053\u306f\u81ea\u8cbb\u51fa\u7248\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4f1a\u793e\u3089\u3057\u304f\u3001\u76ee\u9332\u306b\u306e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u672c\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306e\u8da3\u5473\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u3053\u308c\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u6398\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002ISBN\u306f\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b[\u3055\u304d\u307b\u3069\u306e\u300c\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u300d\u306e\u672c\u306b\u306f\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3046]\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3082\u81ea\u8cbb\u51fa\u7248\u306b\u3061\u304c\u3044\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7de8\u96c6\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u540d\u307e\u3048\u306e\u306f\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5965\u3055\u3093\u304c\u6587\u66f8\u306e\u5f62\u3092\u6574\u3048\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3060\u304c\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u306e\u7de8\u96c6\u8005\u304c\u306f\u3044\u3063\u305f\u672c\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3057\u3042\u304c\u308a\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8ad6\u70b9\u5225\u306e\u8a71\u306e\u7b4b\u3068\u6642\u9593\u9806\u3068\u304c\u4ea4\u932f\u3057\u3066\u308f\u304b\u308a\u306b\u304f\u304f\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u306f\u907f\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3068\u601d\u3046\u304c\u3001\u3082\u3057\u7de8\u96c6\u8005\u304c\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3057\u3066\u7591\u554f\u70b9\u3092\u8457\u8005\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u6539\u826f\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\u3082\u3063\u3068\u8cc7\u6599\u4fa1\u5024\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u672c\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f1936\u5e74\u3001Oregon\u5ddePortland\u306b\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u3002Corvallis\u306b\u3042\u308bOregon State College (\u4eca\u306fUniversity)\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u79d1\u3067\u5b66\u3073\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u79d1\u306e\u5185\u306b\u3044\u305f\u5927\u6c17\u7269\u7406\u306e\u5148\u751f\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u3067\u4fee\u58eb\u3092\u3068\u3063\u305f\u3002\u4fee\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u306f\u7b20\u96f2(\u5c71\u5cb3\u98a8\u4e0b\u6ce2\u3068\u7a4d\u96f2\u304c\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u3055\u3063\u305f\u73fe\u8c61)\u3060\u3063\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089Pennsylvania State University\u3067\u3001Hans Panofsky\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u3067\u535a\u58eb\u53f7\u3092\u3068\u3063\u305f\u3002\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u306f\u6570\u5024\u4e88\u5831\u306e\u521d\u671f\u5024\u306e\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068(Y.K. Sasaki\u306e\u5909\u5206\u6cd5\u3068\u4f3c\u305f\u554f\u984c)\u3060\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u30661963\u5e74\u590f\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305fNational Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)\u306b\u5c31\u8077\u3057\u305f\u30021964\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7b20\u539f \u5f70 (1926\u5e74\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3001\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u535a\u58eb\u53f7\u53d6\u5f97\u306e\u3042\u3068\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u52e4\u52d9\u3092\u7d4c\u3066NCAR)\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u5927\u6c17\u5927\u5faa\u74b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\u306b\u3068\u308a\u304f\u3093\u3060\u3002<br \/>\n\u305d\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u524d\u30011964\u5e74\u306b\u3001Global Atmospheric Research Program\u306e\u6e96\u5099\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u56fd\u5185\u4f5c\u696d\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3067\u3001\u6570\u5024\u4e88\u5831\u306f\u306a\u3093\u65e5\u3055\u304d\u307e\u3067\u53ef\u80fd\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u3044\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e88\u5831\u6642\u9593\u304c\u9032\u3080\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u8aa4\u5dee\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001Mintz\u30fb\u8352\u5ddd\u306eUCLA\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u52d5\u304b\u3059\u7d4c\u9a13\u3082\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>NCAR\u306f\u3001Semtner (Bryan\u306e\u5f1f\u5b50)\u3001Chervin\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u3066\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u5927\u5faa\u74b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u6d77\u6d0b\u7d50\u5408\u6c17\u5019\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u305f\u3002NCAR\u306f\u5171\u540c\u5229\u7528\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306b\u5171\u540c\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308bCommunity Climate Model\u3068\u3057\u3066\u958b\u767a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f(\u8457\u8005\u306f1982\u5e74\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f30\u88fd\u4f5c\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f)\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u534a\u3001\u4e26\u5217\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u306b\u9069\u5fdc\u3057\u305fParallel Climate Model\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089\u3001Climate System Model\u3001Community Climate System Model\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6c17\u5019\u3068\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3092\u3044\u3063\u3057\u3087\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308bCommunity Earth System Model\u306b\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u958b\u767a\u306e\u7d4c\u904e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001Donner\u307b\u304b\u7de8(2011)\u306eWashington &amp; Kasahara\u306e\u7ae0\u3092\u4e3b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u305d\u308c\u3092\u88dc\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u307f\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3088\u3055\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u3068Claire Parkinson\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u521d\u7d1a\u306e\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u7684\u306a\u672c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>NCAR\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3001(\u7b20\u539f\u6c0f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f)\u8457\u8005\u304c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002NCAR\u306e\u904b\u55b6\u8cbb\u306fNational Science Foundation (NSF, \u56fd\u7acb\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1)\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u30011978\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u3001Department of Energy (DoE, \u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u7701)\u304b\u3089\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8cbb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u30021984\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u306b\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u8868\u9762\u4ed8\u8fd1\u306e\u6d45\u3044\u5c64\u3092\u52d5\u304b\u306a\u3044\u677f\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u8868\u308f\u3057\u305f\u300cslab ocean\u300d\u3092\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u305f\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u3001CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u6fc3\u5ea62\u500d\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03(\u5b9a\u5e38\u5fdc\u7b54\u554f\u984c)\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u30021989\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u6d77\u6c34\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5927\u6c17\u6d77\u6d0b\u7d50\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u540c\u69d8\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306aCO<sub>2<\/sub>\u6392\u51fa\u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u578b\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307b\u304b\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u306a\u6570\u5024\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306e\u5bfe\u7b56\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u7de9\u548c\u7b56\u300d(mitigation\u3001\u304a\u3082\u306bCO<sub>2<\/sub>\u6392\u51fa\u524a\u6e1b)\u3068\u9069\u5fdc\u7b56\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308b\u653f\u7b56\u6c7a\u5b9a\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3078\u306e\u52a9\u8a00\u306e\u6750\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u6709\u7528\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3068\u304f\u306b\u3001\u96f2\u30fb\u30a8\u30fc\u30ed\u30be\u30eb\u3001\u96ea\u6c37\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u50cd\u304f\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u307b\u3046\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\u52aa\u529b\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8457\u8005\u3092\u542b\u3080NCAR\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u6240\u5c5e\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u9593\u6bd4\u8f03(Climate Model Intercomparison Project = CMIP)\u3084\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c(\u4f8b\u3001Atmospheric Radiation Measurement = ARM)\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u691c\u8a3c\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u304c\u653f\u6cbb\u3068\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u305f\u7d4c\u9a13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3044\u3061\u3070\u3093\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306fBush (\u7236)\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u306e\u653f\u6a29\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3060\u30021990\u5e74\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306fDoE\u9577\u5b98\u306eadvisory board member\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7701\u5e81\u306e\u9577\u5b98\u306a\u3069\u304b\u3089\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308bDomestic Council\u3067\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u5316\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u9577\u671f\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3060\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002Sununu\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u88dc\u4f50\u5b98\u304c\u3001\u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3\u3067\u52d5\u304f\u6c17\u5019\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002Sununu\u304c\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u7d0d\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u70b9\u304c\u3001\u6d77\u306e\u71b1\u5bb9\u91cf\u306e\u305b\u3044\u3067\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u304c\u3069\u306e\u304f\u3089\u3044\u3086\u3063\u304f\u308a\u9032\u3080\u304b\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u7279\u5316\u3057\u305f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u6c17\u5019\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u305f\u3002NCAR\u306e\u8907\u6570\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u30fb\u6280\u8853\u8005\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u30662\u9031\u9593\u3067\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002(\u3053\u308c\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308bNCAR\u306f\u3059\u3054\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u3002\u4eca\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3067\u306f\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3046\u304c\u3001\u8077\u54e1\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3092\u3055\u304f\u306e\u304c\u3080\u305a\u304b\u3057\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002) \u540c\u3058\u3053\u308d\u3001\u91ce\u515a\u306eAl Gore\u4e0a\u9662\u8b70\u54e1\u304c\u4f01\u753b\u3057\u305f\u4f1a\u5408\u306b\u3082\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u305d\u308c\u3088\u308a\u524d\u30011977\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u3001Carter\u653f\u6a29\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u30fb\u5927\u6c17\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u52a9\u8a00\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u59d4\u54e1\u306b\u6307\u540d\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7d9a\u3044\u3066Reagan\u653f\u6a29\u4e0b\u3067\u30821984\u5e74\u306b\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u4e8b\u60c5\u3067\u8f9e\u4efb\u3059\u308b\u307e\u3067\u52e4\u3081\u305f\u3002(\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u5ec3\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3002)<br \/>\n1998\u5e74\u306b\u306fClinton\u653f\u6a29\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u6d77\u6d0b\u653f\u7b56\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308a\u30012002\u5e74\u306b\u306fBush (\u5b50)\u653f\u6a29\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067US Commission on Ocean Policy\u306eresearch advisory committee\u306e\u59d4\u54e1\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f\u307e\u305f1994\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u3001National Science Board\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30012002\u5e74\u304b\u30894\u5e74\u9593\u305d\u306e\u8b70\u9577\u3092\u3064\u3068\u3081\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4f1a\u8b70\u306e\u304a\u3082\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u306fNSF\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001NSF\u304b\u3089\u904b\u55b6\u8cbb\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u8077\u54e1\u3067\u3082\u5f79\u54e1\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u7b2c12\u7ae0\u304c\u3053\u306e\u8077\u52d9\u3067\u306e\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u306a\u7d4c\u9a13\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u3068\u3081\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u3044\u3061\u3070\u3093\u539a\u3044\u7ae0\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u8457\u8005\u306f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3088\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3068\u898b\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3001\u56fd\u306b\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u3082\u3063\u3068\u4e88\u7b97\u3092\u3064\u3051\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3068\u9858\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e88\u7b97\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u969b\u306b\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3092transform\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u91cd\u8996\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4f3c\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7701\u5e81\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8cbb\u304c\u3064\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306f\u91cd\u8907\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6279\u5224\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u63a1\u7528\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u5931\u6557\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3046\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8cc7\u91d1\u6e90\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3088\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3069\u3093\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3082\u63a8\u9032\u3059\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u958b\u767a\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6708\u30fb\u60d1\u661f\u306e\u6709\u4eba\u63a2\u67fb\u306e\u69cb\u60f3\u306f\u3080\u3060\u3065\u304b\u3044\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7121\u4eba\u3067\u3084\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u9ed2\u4eba(\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u7cfb\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4eba)\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u3044\u308f\u3070\u8349\u5206\u3051\u306e\u3072\u3068\u308a\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3067\u6c17\u8c61\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u535a\u58eb\u53f7\u3092\u3068\u3063\u305f\u9ed2\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f2\u4eba\u3081\u3060\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002\u672c\u4eba\u304c\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u9032\u5b66\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3082\u3042\u308a(\u6bcd\u304c\u5927\u5b66\u3092\u51fa\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7236\u304c\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u304f\u306b\u5929\u6587\u306b\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f)\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5b66\u8cbb\u306f\u5b89\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3046\u3048\u306b\u30a2\u30eb\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u96c7\u7528\u306e\u3064\u3044\u305f\u5f62\u3067\u5165\u5b66\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3080\u305a\u304b\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u9ad8\u6821\u306e\u9032\u8def\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u306fbusiness college\u4ee5\u5916\u3078\u306e\u9032\u5b66\u306b\u306f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3057\u3001\u5165\u5b66\u3057\u305f\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u306f\u9ed2\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306f\u5c11\u5e74\u6642\u4ee3\u304b\u3089\u516c\u6c11\u6a29\u904b\u52d5\u306b\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f(\u7b2c2\u7ae0)\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u5f97\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001minority\u3068\u304f\u306b\u9ed2\u4eba\u304c\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u3075\u3084\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u3057\u305f(\u7b2c11\u7ae0)\u3002<br \/>\n1969\u5e74\u3001NCAR\u6240\u9577\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305fWalter Orr Roberts\u304cAAAS\u306e\u8b70\u9577\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001AAAS\u306e\u6539\u9769\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u3092\u611f\u3058\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u5404\u4eba\u304c\u82e5\u624b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3092\u62db\u3044\u3066\u4f1a\u8b70\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u305b\u554f\u984c\u70b9\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306f\u8b70\u9577\u306e\u8eab\u8fd1\u306a\u82e5\u624b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a66\u307f\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u3067\u82e5\u624b\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u304c\u7d44\u7e54\u3055\u308c\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u305d\u306e\u59d4\u54e1\u9577\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u8a00\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u6539\u9769\u306e\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3068\u3057\u3066minority\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u304c\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u305d\u306e\u59d4\u54e1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6d3b\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5730\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u79d1\u5b66\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3059\u308b\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u756a\u7d44\u76e3\u4fee\u30fb\u51fa\u6f14\u306a\u3069\u3082\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u554f\u984c\u304c\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304c\u3089\u5bfe\u7b56\u304c\u9032\u307e\u306a\u3044(\u57f7\u7b46\u5f53\u6642\u306e)\u73fe\u72b6\u3092\u3001Garrett Hardin\u306e\u3044\u3046\u300c\u5171\u6709\u5730\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u300d\u3060\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u4eba\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308b\u304c\u30012000\u5e74\u306e\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u9078\u6319\u306e\u3068\u304dGore\u306b\u52dd\u3063\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u96a0\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u57f7\u7b46\u5f53\u6642\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u3067\u304d\u3054\u3068\u3060\u3063\u305f\u30cf\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30f3Katrina\u306e\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306b\u9ed2\u4eba\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4ef6\u306b\u9650\u3089\u305a\u3001\u516c\u5171\u652f\u51fa\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u653f\u7b56\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u9632\u707d\u3001\u5e74\u91d1\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306a\u3069\u304c\u5f31\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u306a\u3052\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u304c\u5f97\u305f\u77e5\u898b\u304c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3067\u3086\u304c\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305a\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5e0c\u671b\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u4ed6\u65b9\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u306b\u63a8\u9032\u3055\u308c\u305f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u5f93\u4e8b\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u63a8\u9032\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u898b\u304c\u3086\u304c\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5fc3\u914d\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001NSF\u3070\u304b\u308a\u3067\u306a\u304fDoE\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8cc7\u91d1\u63d0\u4f9b(\u306e\u3057\u304f\u307f\u3068\u62c5\u5f53\u8005)\u3092\u4fe1\u983c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002\u307e\u305f\u6b74\u4ee3\u306e\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u79d1\u5b66\u9867\u554f\u3092\u3082\u4fe1\u983c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3060 (\u653f\u6a29\u4ea4\u4ee3\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u3067\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u8abf\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u9055\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u9867\u554f\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7406\u89e3\u306f\u305d\u308c\u307b\u3069\u9055\u308f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a8d\u8b58\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3089\u3057\u3044)\u3002<br \/>\n\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304b\u3089\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u304c\u653f\u6cbb\u304b\u3089\u72ec\u7acb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3001\u3084\u3084\u697d\u89b3\u3057\u3059\u304e\u3068\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u8457\u8005\u306e\u8996\u91ce\u306f\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u79d1\u5b66(IPCC\u3067\u3044\u3048\u3070\u7b2c1\u90e8\u4f1a\u306e\u62c5\u5f53\u5206\u91ce)\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3067\u306f\u3088\u3044\u306e\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4f1a\u8b70\u3067\u3082\u7d4c\u6e08\u3084\u5bfe\u7b56\u6280\u8853\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u306b\u306f\u8208\u5473\u3092\u3082\u3066\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u3092\u542b\u3080NCAR\u306e\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u306bDoE\u306e\u652f\u63f4\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u524d\u304b\u3089\u6c17\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8cc7\u91d1\u306e\u4e3b\u529b\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u306f\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u9a5a\u304d\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002DoE\u304b\u3089\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8cc7\u91d1\u63d0\u4f9b\u306b\u306f\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6838\u5175\u5668\u3092\u63a8\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52d5\u6a5f\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3068\u7591\u3046\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u3066\u5f53\u7136\u3060\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9650\u308a\u3001DoE\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u671f\u5f85\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u305f\u3066\u308b\u3046\u3048\u3067\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u306e\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3092\u88cf\u3065\u3051\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52d5\u6a5f\u306f\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304c\u526f\u6b21\u7684\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<br \/>\n\u306a\u304a\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u524d\u306e1971\u5e74\u3001\u5f53\u6642Oak Ridge\u56fd\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u9577\u306eAlvin Weinberg\u304b\u3089\u8457\u8005\u306b\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u30d2\u30fc\u30c8\u30a2\u30a4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f9d\u983c\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306b\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\u3092\u3057\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3060(6\u7ae0\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u4ed8\u8fd1)\u3002\u5ec3\u71b1\u3001\u30a8\u30fc\u30ed\u30be\u30eb\u3001CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u306e\u3069\u308c\u304c\u3069\u306e\u304f\u3089\u3044\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u304b\u304c\u5b9a\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u6642\u4ee3\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3002(\u540c\u3058\u3053\u308d\u30bd\u9023\u306eBudyko\u306f1\u4e16\u7d00\u304f\u3089\u3044\u5148\u306b\u6838\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5229\u7528\u304c\u3051\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3044\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4e88\u60f3\u3057\u3066\u5ec3\u71b1\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u3092\u5fc3\u914d\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001Weinberg\u3068\u8457\u8005\u3068\u306e\u554f\u7b54\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u8fd1\u3044\u5c06\u6765\u306b\u9650\u3063\u305f\u60f3\u5b9a\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u306a\u304a\u30012015\u5e74\u521d\u3081\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u304b\u3048\u3057\u305f\u304d\u3063\u304b\u3051\u306f\u3001\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u6c17\u5019\u6539\u5909\u304c\u3069\u3046\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u7b2c10\u7ae0\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u8fd1\u304f\u306bgeoengineering\u3078\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6700\u8fd1(2006\u5e74) \u3001\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306e\u5bfe\u7b56\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u7de9\u548c\u7b56\u300d\u304c\u306a\u304b\u306a\u304b\u9032\u307e\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001Crutzen\u304c\u6210\u5c64\u570f\u30a8\u30fc\u30ed\u30be\u30eb\u6ce8\u5165\u3082\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3001\u3057\u304b\u3057\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306b\u306f\u305d\u308c\u306b\u8cdb\u540c\u3057\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u672c\u306b\u5171\u901a\u306b\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8a71\u3060\u3051\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002<br \/>\nHowe (2014)\u306e<em>Behind the Curve<\/em>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=3771\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a>\u306b\u3001NCAR\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308b\u69cb\u60f3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u306a\u3052\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52d5\u6a5f\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3001\u3068\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u306b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u52d5\u6a5f\u306e\u8a71\u306f\u898b\u3042\u305f\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8457\u8005\u304c\u5c31\u8077\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u672c\u66f8\u304c\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001NCAR\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306e\u307e\u308f\u308a\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u5236\u5fa1\u3084\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u6c17\u5019\u6539\u5909\u304c(\u6563\u767a\u7684\u306b\u8a71\u984c\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304c) \u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u52d5\u6a5f\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002(\u4eba\u5de5\u964d\u96e8\u306a\u3069\u306e<em>\u6c17\u8c61<\/em>\u5236\u5fa1\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u306f\u3001NCAR\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306f\u305a\u3060\u304c\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306e\u6240\u5c5e\u3057\u305f\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3068\u306f\u7e01\u304c\u8584\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002)  \u8457\u8005\u304c\u5c31\u8077\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306fHowe\u306e\u8cc7\u6599\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u7d0d\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u3067\u8cc7\u6599\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u4fdd\u7559\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Warren M. <strong>Washington<\/strong> and Akira <strong>Kasahara<\/strong>, 2011: The evolution and future research goals for general circulation models. <em>The Development of Atmospheric General Circulation Models: Complexity, Synthesis and Computation<\/em> (Leo <strong>Donner<\/strong>, Wayne <strong>Schubert<\/strong> &amp; Richard <strong>Sommerville<\/strong> eds., Cambridge University Press), 18 &#8211; 50 (Chapter 3). <a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=5026\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Warren M. <strong>Washington<\/strong> and Clare L. <strong>Parkinson<\/strong>, 1986, second edition 2005: <em>An Introduction to Three-Dimensional Climate Modeling<\/em>.  University Science Books.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\nPreface<br \/>\nAcknowledgements<br \/>\nChapter 1. My Roots: Family History and Childhood<br \/>\nChapter 2. The Struggle for Civil Rights in Oregon<br \/>\nChapter 3. Becoming Really Interested in Science<br \/>\nChapter 4. Leaving the Nest and Becoming a College Student<br \/>\nChapter 5. My Start in Atmospheric Computer Modeling<br \/>\n &#8211; On to the Pennsylvania State University Nittany Lion Campus<br \/>\nChapter 6. Early Computer Modeling at the National Center for Atmospheric Research<br \/>\nChapter 7. Very Early Concerns about Global Warming<br \/>\n &#8211; Early Climate Model Development at NCAR<br \/>\nChapter 8. Building Increasingly Better Climate Models<br \/>\n &#8211; Writing a Textbook on Climate Modeling with Claire Parkinson<br \/>\nChapter 9. More Recent Model Climate Change Results<br \/>\n &#8211; Mitigation, Adaptation, and Geoengineering<br \/>\n &#8211; Climate Change Simulations of the 20th, 21st, and 22nd Centuries<br \/>\nChapter 10. Global Climate Change: Politics and Science Do Mix!<br \/>\n &#8211; The Saga of the Greenhouse Effect and the George H.W. Bush White House<br \/>\n &#8211; Building a Climate Model for President H.W. Bush&#8217;s Chief of Staff: John Sununu<br \/>\n &#8211; Briefing Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher on Climate Change<br \/>\n &#8211; Senator Al Gore, the White House, and Global Warming: A Profile in Understanding and Advocacy<br \/>\n &#8211; The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change: Eventually the United States will Join the World<br \/>\nChapter 11. My Broader Role as a Scientist<br \/>\n &#8211; The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): My Start in Science Policy<br \/>\n &#8211; Working fot the Carter and Reagan Presidential Administrations: An Inside Glimpse<br \/>\n &#8211; My Presidency of the American Meteorological Society (AMS): A First<br \/>\n &#8211; The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and National Academies&#8217; Portrait Collection of African Americans in Science, Engineering, and Medicine<br \/>\n &#8211; Helping Open the Windos to China&#8217;s Atmospheric Science<br \/>\n &#8211; Refusing an Award from the South African SOciety for Atmospheric Sciences<br \/>\n &#8211; The American Philosophical Society (APS): A Class Act<br \/>\n &#8211; The Black Environmental Science Trust (BEST): An Attempt<br \/>\n &#8211; The Science Skill Center: There is Hope for Our Black Youth<br \/>\n &#8211; Making Television Shows<br \/>\n &#8211; Presidents William Clinton&#8217;s and George W. Bush&#8217;s commitment to the Oceans<br \/>\n &#8211; White House Millennium Matinee<br \/>\n &#8211; The Civility of Presidential Science Advice: Differences Exist but Good Will also Exists<br \/>\nChapter 12. Member and Chair of the National Science Board<br \/>\n &#8211; Searching for the Second National Science Foundation Criteria for Funding<br \/>\n &#8211; Newt Gingrich: The Paleoclimatologist and Speaker of the House of Representatives<br \/>\n &#8211; The Digital Opportunity Investument Trust (DOIT): Investment in Education<br \/>\n &#8211; My Trip to Antarctica<br \/>\n &#8211; To the Top of Greenland<br \/>\n &#8211; Charing the National Science Board<br \/>\n &#8211; President George W. Bush Signs the NSF Authorization Act: A Promicse of Doubling NSF&#8217;s Budget<br \/>\n &#8211; Changes in the Educational System<br \/>\n &#8211; How to Attract Underrepresented Minorities to Science and Associated Problems<br \/>\n &#8211; Civil Discourse and Fundamental Rights<br \/>\n &#8211; Science and Congressional Governance<br \/>\n &#8211; Science: A Provider to the National Economy and Well Being<br \/>\n &#8211; The Challenge to the Scientific Method<br \/>\n &#8211; Losing Research Opportunities and the Growing Proposal Lottery<br \/>\n &#8211; Human Exploration of the Moon and Solar System Planets: A Bad Idea<br \/>\nChapter 13. Honored by Peers<br \/>\n &#8211; AGU Symposium: Recent Advances in Global Climate Modeling<br \/>\n &#8211; Reed College Vullum Award<br \/>\n &#8211; Honorary Doctorate and Commencement Speaker at Oregon State University<br \/>\n &#8211; The Warren Washington Symposium<br \/>\n &#8211; An Honorary Doctorate and Commencement Speaker at Bates College<br \/>\n &#8211; Sharing the Nobel Pease Prize with Al Gore<br \/>\nChapter 14. Conclusions: A Bleak Future is in Shore &#8230; if We Ignore the Warnings<br \/>\nAppendix A: Acronyms<br \/>\nAppendix B: Family Member Photographs<br \/>\nAppendix C: Church Picture in 1949\u3010\u76ee\u6b21\u306b\u6b20\u3051\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u304b\u3089\u88dc\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3011<br \/>\nAppendix D: The First Black Ph.D in Meteorology: Charles E. Anderson<br \/>\nAppendix E: A Typical Testimony before the Congress<br \/>\nAppendix F: The Vollum Award from Reed College<br \/>\nAppendix G: Summary of the National Science Board Accomplishments from 2002-2006<br \/>\nIndex<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Warren M. Washington (ed. Mary C. Washington) 2006, second edition 2008: Odessey in Climate Modeling, Global W [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5543"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5543\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}