{"id":4962,"date":"2015-01-20T21:09:05","date_gmt":"2015-01-20T12:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=4962"},"modified":"2021-01-18T10:58:07","modified_gmt":"2021-01-18T01:58:07","slug":"presidents-science-advisory-committee-usa-1965-restoring-the-quality-of-our-environment-%e4%bb%98%e9%8c%b2y4-%e5%a4%a7%e6%b0%97%e4%b8%ad%e3%81%ae%e4%ba%8c%e9%85%b8%e5%8c%96%e7%82%ad%e7%b4%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=4962","title":{"rendered":"President&#8217;s Science Advisory Committee, USA (1965) Restoring the Quality of Our Environment (\u3068\u304f\u306b\u4ed8\u9332Y4\u300c\u5927\u6c17\u4e2d\u306e\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u300d)"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>President&#8217;s Science Advisory Committee, 1965: <em>Restoring the Quality of Our Environment. Report of the Environmental Pollution Panel<\/em>. Washington, DC: The White House. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Weart \u300e<em>\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306e\u767a\u898b<\/em>\u300f<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/ja\/reading\/weart2003.html\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8]<\/a>\u3067\u3082\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u5316\u3001\u3068\u304f\u306b\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u306e\u6e29\u5ba4\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a8d\u8b58\u306e\u767a\u9054\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3046\u3048\u3067\u30011965\u5e74\u306e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u79d1\u5b66\u8aee\u554f\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a(PSAC)\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u6c5a\u67d3\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u3060\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u306e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306f\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u6e29\u5ba4\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u5f37\u5316\u306b\u50cd\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u308a\u306f\u307e\u3060\u5b9a\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u5e73\u5747\u6c17\u6e29\u306e\u4e0a\u6607\u306f\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f(\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u6700\u8fd120\u5e74\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u5317\u534a\u7403\u306e\u50be\u5411\u306f\u3080\u3057\u308d\u4e0b\u964d\u3060\u3063\u305f)\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u3092\u3059\u3050\u306b\u5bfe\u7b56\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u5bfe\u7b56\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u591a\u6570\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u3042\u3052\u305f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6642\u671f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u73cd\u3057\u3044\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306f\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u8a18\u9332\u306a\u306e\u3067\u8457\u4f5c\u6a29\u4e0a\u306fpublic domain\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u304c\u30012015\u5e741\u6708\u306b\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306f\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u76ee\u6b21\u30fb\u5e8f\u8ad6\u3068\u3001\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u554f\u984c\u3092\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u305f\u4ed8\u9332Y4\u3060\u3051\u3092\u753b\u50cf\u306b\u3057\u305fPDF\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u305d\u308c\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u3068\u304a\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010[2021-01-18 \u88dc\u8db3] \u5168\u4f53\u3092\u30c7\u30a3\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u304c HathiTrust \u304b\u3089\u516c\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u306f public domain \u3089\u3057\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306f\u4f1a\u54e1\u306b\u304b\u304e\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u306e\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30b6\u3067\u898b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u30681\u307a\u30fc\u30b8\u305a\u3064\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u8aee\u554f\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u8853\u7279\u5225\u88dc\u4f50\u5b98(Special Assistant to the President for Science and Technology)\u3060\u3063\u305fDonald F. Hornig\u304c\u59d4\u54e1\u9577\u3092\u3064\u3068\u3081\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\u306f\u3001\u306e\u3061\u306e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u5426\u5b9a\u8ad6\u306e\u8ad6\u5ba2\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8005Frederick Seitz\u304c\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\u4f1a\u9577\u3068\u3057\u3066\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u5730\u7403\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u306eGordon J.F. MacDonald\u3082\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u306e\u306f\u305d\u306e\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u4e0b\u306b\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u74b0\u5883\u6c5a\u67d3\u30d1\u30cd\u30eb(Environmental Pollution Panel)\u3060\u3002\u30d1\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u5ea7\u9577\u306f\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u8005John W. Tukey\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u308bRoger Revelle\u306e\u307b\u304b\u3001\u751f\u614b\u5b66\u8005David Pimentel\u3001\u30b9\u30e2\u30c3\u30b0\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5316\u5b66\u8005Aarie J. Haagen-Smit\u306a\u3069\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u4f5c\u6210\u306e\u4e8b\u52d9\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306fOffice of Science and Technology\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306e\u76ee\u6b21\u306b\u3042\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u9805\u76ee\u306f\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u6c5a\u67d3\u3068\u6c34\u8cea\u6c5a\u6fc1\u3092\u4e3b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u74b0\u5883\u6c5a\u67d3\u5168\u822c\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u74b0\u5883\u4fdd\u8b77\u5e81(Environmental Protection Agency = EPA)\u304c\u767a\u8db3\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304c1970\u5e74\u3060\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7ba1\u8f44\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u8ab2\u984c\u304c\u3053\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306b\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30d1\u30cd\u30eb\u306f\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u5206\u3051\u306611\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u90e8\u4f1a(subpanel)\u306b\u691c\u8a0e\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u5831\u544a\u304c4\u756a\u3081\u306b\u306e\u305b\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u5927\u6c17\u4e2d\u306e\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u90e8\u4f1a\u3060\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5ea7\u9577\u306fRoger Revelle\u3001\u307b\u304b\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u306fWallace Broecker, Harmon Craig, Charles D. Keeling, J. Smagorinsky\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90e8\u4f1a\u5831\u544a(\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306e\u4ed8\u9332Y4)\u306e\u4e2d\u8eab\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u3001\u307e\u305a\u5e8f\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u4e2d\u306e\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u3068\u5ca9\u77f3\u570f\u306e\u70ad\u9178\u5869\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6709\u6a5f\u7269(\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u306f\u3053\u308c)\u3068\u306e\u9593\u3067\u3001\u706b\u5c71\u6d3b\u52d5\u3001\u5ca9\u77f3\u306e\u98a8\u5316\u3001\u5149\u5408\u6210\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u70ad\u7d20\u304c\u5faa\u74b0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u306f(\u6c34\u84b8\u6c17\u3001\u30aa\u30be\u30f3\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b)\u8d64\u5916\u7dda\u3092\u5438\u53ce\u30fb\u5c04\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u6027\u8cea\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u5316\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u4e2d\u306e\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306e\u5b9f\u7e3e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001Keeling\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30cf\u30ef\u30a4\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5357\u6975\u3067\u306e\u7d045\u5e74\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3001\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u7523\u51fa\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u304b\u3089\u307f\u305f\u6392\u51fa\u91cf\u3068\u304c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u6392\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u70ad\u7d20\u304c\u5927\u6c17\u3001\u6d77\u3001\u9678\u4e0a\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u306b\u3069\u3046\u5206\u914d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8003\u5bdf\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u90e8\u4f1a\u5831\u544a\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304fRevelle\u81ea\u8eab\u304cCraig\u3068Broecker\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3082\u805e\u304d\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8003\u3048\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3092\u5fdc\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u4e2d\u306e\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306e\u5c06\u6765\u898b\u901a\u3057\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b(\u6392\u51fa\u91cf\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306e\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u304a\u304a\u3056\u3063\u3071\u306a\u63a8\u6e2c\u3060\u304c)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u898b\u901a\u3057\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305a\u6c17\u6e29\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066(\u3053\u3053\u306fSmagorinsky\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u305f\u6750\u6599\u306b\u3061\u304c\u3044\u306a\u3044)\u3001Manabe and Wetherald (1967)\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u307e\u3060\u51fa\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067(\u5831\u544a\u306e\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3067\u3082\u3053\u308c\u304c\u51fa\u308c\u3070\u898b\u901a\u3057\u304c\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u671f\u5f85\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c)\u3001M&ouml;ller (1963)\u3068Manabe and Strickler (1964)\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306b\u3001\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u7406\u5c48\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u305f\u3066\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001(\u6c17\u6e29\u304b\u3089\u9023\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b) \u5357\u6975\u6c37\u5e8a\u306e\u878d\u89e3\u3001\u6d77\u6c34\u4f4d\u306e\u4e0a\u6607\u3001\u6d77\u6c34\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6607\u3068\u3001\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u6fc3\u5ea6\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u6c34\u306e\u9178\u6027\u5316 (\u305f\u3060\u3057\u306a\u305c\u304b\u6d77\u6d0b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u6de1\u6c34\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee)\u3068\u5149\u5408\u6210\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u3092\u3042\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u306e\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u306e\u53ce\u652f\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308b\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3092\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u3042\u3052\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u91cf\u7684\u306b\u8003\u616e\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u8003\u616e\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u8fb2\u5730\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u571f\u58cc\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u306e\u6eb6\u5b58\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u3001\u6df1\u5c64\u6c34\u306e\u70ad\u9178\u7269\u8cea\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u4eca(\u5f53\u6642)\u306f\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u71c3\u713c\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90e8\u4f1a\u5831\u544a\u306e\u307e\u3068\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u3001Revelle\u304c\u524d\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3001\u300c\u4eba\u306f\u610f\u56f3\u305b\u305a\u306b\u5de8\u5927\u306a\u5730\u7403\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u7d9a\u304f\u3002\u6570\u4e16\u4ee3(a few generations)\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3001\u904e\u53bb5\u5104\u5e74\u306e\u9593\u306b\u84c4\u7a4d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u306e\u591a\u304f\u3092\u71c3\u3084\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u305f\u57cb\u8535\u91cf\u3092\u5168\u90e8\u71c3\u3084\u3059\u3068\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u4e2d\u306e\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306f200%\u5897(\u3064\u307e\u308a3\u500d)\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u897f\u66a62000\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u304a\u3088\u305d25% (\u90e8\u4f1a\u5831\u544a\u672c\u8ad6\u3067\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u306f1950\u5e74\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u3057\u306614%\uff5e30%)\u3075\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u6c17\u6e29\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306b\u7121\u8996\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6570\u5024\u3092\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u306b\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u307e\u3060\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u3042\u30682&#8211;3\u5e74\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u306f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u4e88\u6e2c\u306f\u6ce8\u610f\u6df1\u3044\u89b3\u6e2c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5927\u6c17\u4e2d\u306e\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306e\u7cbe\u5bc6\u89b3\u6e2c\u3092\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u3068\u306e\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u306e\u3084\u308a\u3068\u308a\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308b\u6d77\u6d0b\u3084\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u6210\u5c64\u570f\u306e\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u306a\u9ad8\u3055\u306e\u6c17\u6e29\u3092\u4e16\u754c\u898f\u6a21\u3067\u30e2\u30cb\u30bf\u30fc\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u6fc3\u5ea6\u5897\u52a0\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u5316\u304c\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u304b\u3089\u6709\u5bb3\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3046\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5bfe\u7b56\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a71\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u6392\u51fa\u524a\u6e1b\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u306e\u5229\u7528\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u305d\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a71\u3082\u3001\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u3092\u9589\u3058\u3053\u3081\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a71\u3082\u51fa\u3066\u3053\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u306e\u653e\u5c04\u53ce\u652f\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u3092\u304a\u3055\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a71\u3060\u3051\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u7b2c1\u306f\u5730\u7403\u306e\u53cd\u5c04\u7387\u3092\u3075\u3084\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3060\u304c\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u53cd\u5c04\u7387\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u7269\u8cea\u306e\u7c92\u5b50\u3092\u307e\u3044\u3066\u6d77\u9762\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u8986\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u8cbb\u7528\u3092\u3001\u304a\u304a\u3056\u3063\u3071\u3060\u304c\u3001\u6d77\u97621\u5e73\u65b9\u30de\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306b\u8986\u3046\u8cbb\u7528(\u7c92\u5b50\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u8cbb\u7528\u3060\u3051\u3089\u3057\u3044)\u3092100\u30c9\u30eb\u3001\u5730\u7403\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u53cd\u5c04\u7387\u30921%\u5909\u3048\u308b\u8cbb\u7528\u3092\u6bce\u5e745\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3068\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u5de8\u5927\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308b\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u898f\u6a21\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6280\u8853\u306f\u71b1\u5e2f\u4f4e\u6c17\u5727(\u30cf\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30f3)\u306e\u5236\u5fa1\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3082\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044(might)\u3068\u3082\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c2\u306b\u3001Manabe and Strickler (1964)\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3001\u5bfe\u6d41\u570f\u4e0a\u5c64\u306e\u5dfb\u96f2\u306f\u592a\u967d\u5149\u53cd\u5c04\u52b9\u679c\u3088\u308a\u3082\u6e29\u5ba4\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u51dd\u7d50\u6838\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6c37\u6676\u6838\u3092\u307e\u3044\u3066\u5dfb\u96f2\u306e\u751f\u3058\u308b\u9ad8\u3055\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u6700\u8fd1\u306f\u3001\u6c37\u6676\u6838\u3092\u307e\u3044\u3066\u96f2\u7c92\u306e\u5927\u6c17\u4e2d\u6ede\u5728\u6642\u9593\u3092\u77ed\u304f\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5730\u4e0a\u306e\u6c17\u6e29\u3092\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u50cd\u304f\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u304c\u63d0\u6848\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30a8\u30fc\u30ed\u30be\u30eb\u3068\u96f2\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3055\u306f\u4eca\u3082\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3002) [\u3053\u306e\u6bb5\u843d2017-03-17\u6539\u8a02]<\/p>\n<p>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u524d\u306b\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u3001Isaac Asimov (\u30a2\u30b7\u30e2\u30d5) (1967\/1968) \u306e\u300e<em>\u751f\u547d\u3068\u975e\u751f\u547d\u306e\u3042\u3044\u3060<\/em>\u300f(<em>Is Anyone There?<\/em>) \u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=2250\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a>\u306b\u53ce\u9332\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300c\u9032\u5316\u3059\u308b\u5927\u6c17\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u968f\u7b46\u306f1966\u5e74\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u8fd1\u304f\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u90e8\u4f1a\u5831\u544a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3068\u540c\u3058\u8da3\u65e8\u306e\u3060\u308c\u304b(Revelle\u3067\u3042\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046)\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u304b\u89e3\u8aac\u3092\u6750\u6599\u306b\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001Asimov\u306f\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u304c\u6709\u5bb3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e\u5bfe\u7b56\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u90e8\u4f1a\u5831\u544a\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u306a\u3044\u3001\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u9589\u3058\u3053\u3081\u3001\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u304b\u3089\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u3001\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u79fb\u4f4f\u3082\u3042\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u3001Revelle\u304b\u3060\u308c\u304b\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306e\u8a71\u306b\u51fa\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u304bAsimov\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u3067\u8003\u3048\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u304b\u306f\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010[2021-01-18 \u88dc\u8db3] \u5831\u544a\u66f8\u672c\u4f53\u306e climatic effects of polution \u3068\u3044\u3046\u7bc0\u306f9\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u304c\u30011\u6bb5\u843d\u30018\u884c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a71\u3067\u3001\u305d\u3053\u307e\u3067\u306f\u5148\u898b\u306e\u660e\u3068\u3044\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u3046\u306a\u308b\u3068 local effort \u3084 national effort \u3067\u306f\u5236\u5fa1\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u305a\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u307b\u304b\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u6539\u5909\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3001\u306a\u3069\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u8a00\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u3001\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u76ee\u6b21\u3001\u4ed8\u9332Y4\u306e\u76ee\u6b21\u3001\u8aee\u554f\u59d4\u54e1\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3001\u30d1\u30cd\u30eb\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n<strong>\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u76ee\u6b21<\/strong><br \/>\nContents<br \/>\nAcknowledgements<br \/>\nIntroduction<br \/>\nThe Effects of Pollution<br \/>\n &#8211; Health Effects<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Excessive air pollution for short periods<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Prolonged exposure to ordinary urban air pollution<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Water-borne pollutants and health<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Pesticides and human health<br \/>\n &#8211; Effects on Other Living Organisms<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Why do we care?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Kinds of effects on organisms other than man<br \/>\n &#8211; Impairment of Water and Soil Resources<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Excess fertility in waters<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Soil pollution<br \/>\n &#8211; Polluting Effects of Detergents<br \/>\n &#8211; Deterioration of Materials and Urban Environments<br \/>\n &#8211; Climatic Effects of Pollution<br \/>\nThe Sources of Pollution<br \/>\n &#8211; Municipal and industrial sewage<br \/>\n &#8211; Animal wastes<br \/>\n &#8211; Urban solid wastes<br \/>\n &#8211; Consumer goods wastes<br \/>\n &#8211; Unintentional Releases<br \/>\nIs Which Directions Should We Go?<br \/>\nRecommendations<br \/>\n -A. Principles<br \/>\n -B. Actions<br \/>\n -C. Coordination and Systems Studies<br \/>\n -D. Baseline Measurement Programs<br \/>\n -E. Development and Demonstration<br \/>\n -F. Research<br \/>\n -G. Manpower<br \/>\n -H. Incompleteness of Recommendations<br \/>\nAppendixes<br \/>\n -X1. Challenging Tasks for the Men and Women Who Can Improve the Quality of Our Environment<br \/>\n -X2. Organizational Questions<br \/>\n -X3. A &#8220;General&#8221; Index of Chemical Pollution<br \/>\n -X4. Standards Development<br \/>\n -X5. Metropolitan Problems<br \/>\n -X6. Air Problems<br \/>\n -X7. Water Quality<br \/>\nSubpanel Reports<br \/>\n -Y1. Soil Contamination<br \/>\n -Y2. Health Effects of Environmental Pollution<br \/>\n -Y3. Benchmark Surveillance<br \/>\n -Y4. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide<br \/>\n -Y5. Solid Wastes<br \/>\n -Y6. Combined Sewers<br \/>\n -Y7. Effects of Chlorinating Wastes<br \/>\n -Y8. Agricultural Wastes<br \/>\n -Y9. Aquatic Blooms<br \/>\n -Y10. Effects of Pollutants on Living Organisms Other Than Man<br \/>\n -Y11. Improved Pest Control Practices<br \/>\nIndex<\/p>\n<p><strong>Appendix Y4 : Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide \u306e\u76ee\u6b21<\/strong><br \/>\nSection I. Carbon Dioxide From Fossil Fuels &#8212; The Invisible Pollutant<br \/>\n &#8211; Introduction<br \/>\n &#8211; The Recent Increase in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide<br \/>\n &#8211; Partition of Carbon Dioxide Among the Atmosphere, the Ocean, and the Biosphere<br \/>\n &#8211; Probable Future Content of Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere<br \/>\n &#8211; Possible Effects of Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Climate<br \/>\n &#8211; Other Possible Effects of an Increase in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Melting of the Antarctic Ice Cap<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Rise of Sea Level<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Warming of Sea Water<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Increased Acidity of Fresh Waters<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Increase in Photosynthesis<br \/>\n &#8211; Other Possible Sources of Carbon Dioxide<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Oceanic Warming<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Burning of Limestone<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Decrease in the Carbon Content of Soils<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Change in the Amount of Organic Matter in the Ocean<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Changes in the Carbon Dioxide Content of Deep Ocean Water<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Changes in the Volume of Sea water<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Carbon Dioxide From Volcanoes<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Changes Due to Solution and Precipitation of Carbonates<br \/>\n &#8211; Conclusions and Findings<br \/>\nSection II. Detailed Computations<br \/>\nReferences<\/p>\n<p><strong>President&#8217;s Science Advisory Committee\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc<\/strong><br \/>\nDonald F. Hornig (Chairman), Herbert F. York (Vice Chairman), Lewis M. Branscomb, Melvin Calvin, Richard L. Garwin, Marvin L. Goldberger, Philip Handler, Franklin A. Long, Gordon J.F. MacDonald, William D. McElroy, George E. Pake, John R. Pierce, Kenneth S. Pitzer, Edward M. Purcell, Frederick Seitz<\/p>\n<p><strong>Environmental Pollution Panel\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc<\/strong><br \/>\nJohn W. Tukey (Chairman), Martin Alexander, H. Stanley Bennett, Nyle C. Brady, John C. Calhoun Jr., John C. Geyer, Aarie J. Haagen-Smit, Norman Hackerman, James B. Hartgering, David Pimentel, Roger Revelle, Louis H. Roddis, William H. Stewart (1965\u5e746\u6708\u307e\u3067), James L. Whittenberger, John L. Buckley (Staff, Technical Assistant, Office of Science and Technology)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>President&#8217;s Science Advisory Committee, 1965: Restoring the Quality of Our Environment. Report of the En [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4962"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9969,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4962\/revisions\/9969"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}