{"id":3808,"date":"2014-05-08T16:30:29","date_gmt":"2014-05-08T07:30:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=3808"},"modified":"2014-05-08T16:30:29","modified_gmt":"2014-05-08T07:30:29","slug":"harry-collins-2014-are-we-all-scientific-experts-now","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=3808","title":{"rendered":"Harry Collins (2014) Are we all scientific experts now?"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Harry COLLINS, 2014: <em>Are we all scientific experts now?<\/em>  Cambridge UK: Polity, 144 pp. ISBN 978-0-7456-8204-4 (pbk.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hulme (2014) <em>Can science fix climate change?<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=3739\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a>\u306e\u672c\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308c\u306fnew human frontiers series\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u306e2\u518a\u3081\u3067\u30011\u518a\u3081\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005Harry Collins\u306e\u672c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Collins and Evans (2007) <em>Rethinking Expertise<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/ja\/reading\/collins_evans.html\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8]<\/a>\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3055\u3063\u305d\u304f\u8aad\u307f\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u306e\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u6ce8\u6587\u3057\u305f\u3002\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u304c\u63d0\u643a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308bWiley\u793e\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6570\u65e5\u3067\u5c4a\u3044\u305f(Hulme\u306e\u672c\u3082\u540c\u69d8)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u65b0\u66f8\u672c\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5e45\u304c\u5e83\u3044B6\u5224\u3060\u304c\u3001\u65b0\u66f8\u672c\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u611f\u3058\u3060\u3002\u4e3b\u5f35\u306f2007\u5e74\u306e\u672c\u3068\u5909\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u91cd\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308binteractional expertise\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f2007\u5e74\u306e\u672c\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3088\u304f\u66f8\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3046\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u672c\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6025\u3044\u3067\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u672c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u611f\u3058\u3067\u3001\u3088\u304f\u3057\u3042\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u6c17\u3082\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e8f\u8ad6\u3067\u3001\u8457\u8005\u304c\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u3060\u3063\u305f1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u304c\u3059\u3070\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u601d\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u30011990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306eBSE\u554f\u984c\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u3092\u306f\u3058\u3081\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3078\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u306f\u5931\u589c\u3057\u305f\u3001\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306f\u3075\u3064\u3046\u306e\u4eba\u3068\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u3082\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b? 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Anglia\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u66b4\u9732\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e8b\u4ef6)\u3092\u6301\u3061\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3060\u3051\u8aad\u3080\u3068\u6c17\u5019\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3092\u3051\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u307e\u3067\u8aad\u3080\u3068\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5225\u3059\u3050\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u4e0d\u6b63\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u898f\u7bc4\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u884c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3001\u3068\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u308f\u308a\u3042\u3044\u9577\u3044\u306e\u306b\u300c\u7bc0\u300d\u3092\u5206\u3051\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u79d1\u5b66\u3092\u3069\u3046\u898b\u308b\u304b\u306e\u5909\u9077\u3092\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u5b66\u8005\u304c\u79d1\u5b66\u3092\u3069\u3046\u898b\u308b\u304b\u3067\u4ee3\u8868\u3055\u305b\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b(\u3042\u3048\u3066)\u5358\u7d14\u5316\u3057\u3066\u6982\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5358\u7d14\u5316\u306e\u5f62\u306f\u8457\u8005\u304c\u524d\u304b\u3089\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u306e3\u3064\u306e\u6ce2\u300d\u3060\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7ae0\u306f\u3001\u7b2c1\u306e\u6ce2\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u79d1\u5b66\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u77e5\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3067\u3082\u771f\u7406\u306b\u63a5\u8fd1\u3059\u308b\u7279\u6a29\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u304b\u305f\u3092\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u3042\u3068\u306f\u3001\u307b\u307c\u7b2c2\u306e\u6ce2\u306e\u7d39\u4ecb\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7b2c2\u306e\u6ce2\u306f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u306f\u7279\u6a29\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u6975\u8ad6\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u304c\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u3068\u3057\u308d\u3046\u3068\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7acb\u5834\u3082\u542b\u3080\u3002Kuhn\u306e\u300c<em>\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u306e\u69cb\u9020<\/em>\u300d\u3092\u767a\u7aef\u3068\u3057(\u6e90\u6d41\u306f\u307b\u304b\u306b\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304c)\u3001\u8457\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u305f\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u300d(SSK)\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7b2c3\u306e\u6ce2\u306f\u3053\u306e\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u4e88\u544a\u3060\u3051\u3067\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u8a71\u306f\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u3055\u304d\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u8457\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5c02\u9580\u6027(expertise)\u306e\u5206\u985e\u304c\u7d39\u4ecb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30022007\u5e74\u306e\u672c\u3067\u306f\u300cperiodic table of expertise\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u8868\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u300cperiodic\u300d\u3092\u3084\u3081\u305f\u3002\u5143\u7d20\u306e\u5468\u671f\u8868\u306b\u306a\u305e\u3089\u3048\u305f\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304c\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u5468\u671f\u6027\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304b\u3089\u5909\u66f4\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u3060\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u6027\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u306f\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u5206\u985e\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u5c02\u9580\u6027\u3092ubiquitous expertise\u3068specialist expertise\u306b\u5206\u3051\u308b\u3002Ubiquitous expertise\u306f\u3068\u304f\u306b\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3067\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u3042\u3084\u3064\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u306a\u3069\u304c\u5178\u578b\u3060\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8b58\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u30c8\u30ea\u30d3\u30a2\u3084\u3057\u308d\u3046\u3068\u5411\u3051\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u307b\u304b\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u306e\u52c9\u5f37\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3067\u5c02\u9580\u6587\u732e\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u5f97\u305f\u77e5\u8b58\u3082\u3053\u308c\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002Specialist expertise\u306f\u5c02\u9580\u96c6\u56e3\u304c\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u306b\u306f\u5c02\u9580\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u751f\u6d3b\u3057\u3066\u5148\u8f29\u306e\u3075\u308b\u307e\u3044\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3060\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u304c\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u5c02\u9580\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3060\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u5c02\u9580\u96c6\u56e3\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306b\u9650\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8077\u696d\u3084\u751f\u6d3b\u4f53\u9a13\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5c02\u9580\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u3068\u8457\u8005\u306f\u8003\u3048\u308b\u30022007\u5e74\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3082\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3060\u304c\u3001\u7b2c2\u306e\u6ce2\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u8005\u304c\u300c\u3057\u308d\u3046\u3068\u306b\u3082\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306b\u8ca0\u3051\u306a\u3044\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3042\u3052\u305f\u4f8b(Wynne\u304c\u8ad6\u3058\u305fSellafield\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5730\u57df\u306e\u7f8a\u98fc\u3044\u3084\u3001\u6cbb\u9a13\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3055\u305b\u305f\u30a8\u30a4\u30ba\u60a3\u8005\u306a\u3069)\u3092\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001(\u5b9a\u578b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u7d4c\u9a13\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3060\u304c)\u3000specialist expertise\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u305f\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Specialist expertise\u3092\u8457\u8005\u306fcontributory expertise\u3068interactional expertise\u306b\u5206\u3051\u308b\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u306f\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u3042\u307e\u308a\u6ce8\u76ee\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u91cd\u8996\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b(\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3082\u91cd\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b)\u3002\u5c02\u9580\u306e\u5b66\u554f\u306b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u3064\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u308b\u306b\u81f3\u3089\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u306e\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306e\u3042\u3052\u308b\u4ee3\u8868\u4f8b\u304c\u3042\u3044\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u8457\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2(\u91cd\u529b\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u6ce2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f1d\u308f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u91cd\u529b\u3092\u5fa9\u5143\u529b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u6d41\u4f53\u306e\u6ce2\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044)\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306einteractional expertise\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u304c\u3082\u306e\u305f\u308a\u306a\u3044\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u306a\u3089\u3070\u672c\u696d\u306e\u6642\u9593\u306b\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u3068\u3064\u304d\u3042\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304c\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u304c\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u3092\u304a\u304a\u305c\u3044\u304b\u304b\u3048\u305f\u3044\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3089\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u304cinteractional experts\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5207\u5b9f\u611f\u304c\u4f1d\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5c02\u9580\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u3001\u5404\u4eba\u306f\u7d30\u5206\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5c02\u9580\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u3060\u3051contributory expert\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306finteractional expert\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u696d\u304c\u306a\u308a\u305f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8aac\u660e\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u6027\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u304cmeta-expertise\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3060\u308c\u304c\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u7ae0\u3067\u3082\u8a71\u984c\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3068\u3067\u66f8\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u307e\u305a\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306e\u3082\u3064\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5916\u306b\u4f1d\u308f\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u5358\u7d14\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u5411\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089\u300cClimategate\u300d\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u6c17\u5019\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u6b20\u9665\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u4e0d\u6b63\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u4f1d\u308f\u3063\u305f\u4ef6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5c02\u9580\u5185\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u89e3\u3060\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u6839\u62e0\u306f\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u5f53\u4e8b\u8005\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u305d\u308c\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u4eba\u306e\u91c8\u660e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u7591\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u306f\u7d0d\u5f97\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306f\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u6301\u3061\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4fe1\u983c\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3044\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3068\u8ad6\u3058\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u304c\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u8e0f\u307f\u3053\u3080\u3088\u308a\u3082\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u3088\u304f\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u984c\u6750\u306b\u3088\u3063\u305f\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002(\u306a\u304a\u3001Ravetz\u3068Hulme\u306e\u767a\u8a00\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3082\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u8a00\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5c02\u9580\u5916\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u5c02\u9580\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u7acb\u3061\u5165\u3063\u3066\u8a55\u4fa1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306einteractional expert\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u9650\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8da3\u65e8\u3060\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3053\u3067\u8a71\u306f\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306b\u3068\u3076\u30021960-70\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u3053\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u5b66\u554f\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305fJoseph Weber\u304c1996\u5e74\u306b\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u73fe\u5f79\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306f\u3060\u308c\u3082\u8aad\u3080\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8fd1\u3054\u308d\u306eWeber\u306e\u8a00\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3053\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8ca2\u732e\u306b\u306a\u308a\u305d\u3046\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u304c\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u77e5\u8b58(specialist tacit knowledge)\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306f\u6574\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001ubiquitous tacit knowledge\u3060\u3051\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u3057\u308d\u3046\u3068\u306e\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u77e5\u898b\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002{\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306e\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u8ad6\u8abf\u306f\u3001\u3057\u308d\u3046\u3068\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u307e\u305a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u504f\u72ed\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u306a\u304f\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u5f8c\u8005\u306e\u671f\u5f85\u306f\u306f\u305a\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u304a\u304f\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002}<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u304c\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u5c11\u6570\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u91cd\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3001\u304a\u304a\u305c\u3044\u306e\u4eba\u306e\u751f\u547d\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308b\u5371\u967a\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u81f3\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306eMbeki\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u306eHIV\u306b\u304d\u304f\u85acAZT\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u3044\u653f\u7b56(Kalichman\u306e\u672c<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=872\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a>\u306b\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u8a71)\u3092\u3042\u3052\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u3082\u305f\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082meta-expertise\u3092\u3082\u3064\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306flocal discrimination\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u304c\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u898f\u7bc4(Merton\u306eCUDOS\u3001<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/ja\/reading\/ziman2000.html\">[Ziman\u306e\u8aad\u66f8\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u53c2\u7167]<\/a>)\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u81ea\u79f0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308c\u3070\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5224\u65ad\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u300c\u3042\u3084\u3057\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046whistle-blowing\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u304c\u30bf\u30d0\u30b3\u3068\u304c\u3093\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8cbb\u3092\u30bf\u30d0\u30b3\u4f1a\u793e\u304b\u3089\u3082\u3089\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u6307\u6458\u304c\u305d\u306e\u4f8b\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3053\u306e\u7ae0\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u6b63\u5f53\u306awhistle-blowing\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4f8b\u3060\u3002\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u4e09\u7a2e\u6df7\u5408\u30ef\u30af\u30c1\u30f3\u306e\u63a5\u7a2e\u306b\u53cd\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u904b\u52d5\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u306f\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3069\u306e\u611f\u67d3\u75c7\u304c\u3075\u3048\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3002\u53cd\u5bfe\u904b\u52d5\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u306f\u30ef\u30af\u30c1\u30f3\u5168\u9762\u5426\u5b9a\u8ad6\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u8a71\u984c\u306b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u4e09\u7a2e\u6df7\u5408\u30ef\u30af\u30c1\u30f3\u306f\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3068\u3057\u305fWakefield\u3060\u3002Collins\u306f\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5206\u91ce\u306f\u9055\u3046\u3082\u306e\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u306eexpert\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u304b\u3089\u3001Wakefield\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u6750\u6599\u304b\u3089\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u7406\u5c48\u304c\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u306e\u3061\u306b\u308f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3060\u304c\u3001Wakefield\u306f\u6df7\u5408\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30ef\u30af\u30c1\u30f3\u306e\u63a5\u7a2e\u3092\u9032\u3081\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u3068\u5229\u5bb3\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002Collins\u306f\u3001Wakefield\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306e\u3042\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3053\u305d\u3001\u8fd1\u304f\u3067\u89b3\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308blocal discrimination\u3092\u50cd\u304b\u305b\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8abf\u67fb\u5831\u9053(investigative journalism)\u306b\u671f\u5f85\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d50\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8868\u984c\u306e\u554f\u3044\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7b54\u3048\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u308f\u308c\u308f\u308c\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u7d4c\u9a13\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u8a73\u3057\u3044\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\nContents<br \/>\nFigures and Tables<br \/>\nIntroduction: The Growing Crisis of Expertise<br \/>\n &#8211; Climategate<br \/>\n1. Academics and How the World Feels<br \/>\n &#8211; Interim summary<br \/>\n2. Experts<br \/>\n &#8211; Models of expertise<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Ubiquitous expertise<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8216;Nobelskigrad&#8217;<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Specialist expertise and meta-expertise<br \/>\n &#8211; A table of expertises<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Ubiquitous expertises<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Specialist expertises<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Meta-expertises<br \/>\n3. Citizen Sceptics<br \/>\n &#8211; Science as a collective activity and tacit knowledge<br \/>\n4. Citizen Whistle-blowers<br \/>\n &#8211; Vaccine protestors<br \/>\nConclusion: Are We All Experts Now?<br \/>\n &#8211; Ubiquitous expertise<br \/>\n &#8211; Specialist expertise<br \/>\n &#8211; Meta-expertise<br \/>\n &#8211; Default expertise<br \/>\n &#8211; In sum<br \/>\nNotes<br \/>\nBibliography<br \/>\nIndex<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Harry COLLINS, 2014: Are we all scientific experts now? Cambridge UK: Polity, 144 pp. ISBN 978-0-7456-8204-4 ( [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3808"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3808\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7568,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3808\/revisions\/7568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}