{"id":2101,"date":"2011-12-11T19:22:10","date_gmt":"2011-12-11T10:22:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=2101"},"modified":"2019-04-10T19:01:47","modified_gmt":"2019-04-10T10:01:47","slug":"andrew-e-dessler-2011-introduction-to-modern-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=2101","title":{"rendered":"Andrew E. Dessler (2012)  Introduction to Modern Climate Change"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Andrew E. DESSLER, 2012: <em>Introduction to Modern Climate Change<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 238 pp. ISBN 978-0-521-17315-5 (pbk.)<br \/>\n\u3010[2019-04-10 \u88dc\u8db3] \u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u624b\u306b\u3044\u308c\u305f\u306e\u306f2011-11-28\u306a\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u672c\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u51fa\u7248\u5e74\u306f 2012 \u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2\u3067\u3082\u305d\u3061\u3089\u306b\u3042\u308f\u305b\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u3001\u304a\u3082\u306b\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3092\u5c02\u9580\u3068\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5b66\u751f\u5411\u3051\u306e\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u5316(\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316)\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b5\u30b9A&#038;M\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6c17\u8c61\u5b66\u306e\u6559\u6388\u3067\u3001\u7279\u306b\u5927\u6c17\u4e2d\u306e\u6c34\u5faa\u74b0\u30fb\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5faa\u74b0\u3092\u5c02\u9580\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.livedoor.jp\/climatescientists\/archives\/1268710.html\">[\u5225\u306e\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0\u8a18\u4e8b(2010-10-30)]<\/a>\u3067\u306f\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u5024\u3092\u3068\u308a\u3053\u3093\u3067\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u518d\u89e3\u6790\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6c34\u84b8\u6c17\u306e\u5909\u5316\u50be\u5411\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306e\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306f\u3001\u653e\u5c04\u53ce\u652f\u30fb\u96f2\u30fb\u6d77\u9762\u6c34\u6e29\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u6c17\u5019\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u611f\u5ea6\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a(Dessler, 2010)\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306f\u304b\u3064\u3066\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u8853\u653f\u7b56\u5c40(OSTP)\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u554f\u984c\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u306b\u3082\u654f\u611f\u3060\u3002\u8457\u8005\u3068Parson\u6c0f\u306e\u5171\u8457\u306e\u6559\u79d1\u66f8(2006, 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North\u6559\u6388\u304c\u6388\u696d\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u307f\u3066\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u6388\u696d\u306e\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5024\u6bb5\u304c\u3001\u30da\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u901a\u4fe1\u8ca9\u58f2\u3067\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u8cb7\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u30674250\u5186\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u591a\u5c11\u5272\u308a\u5f15\u304d\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30011\u3053\u307e(90\u5206) 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href=\"http:\/\/onkimo.blog95.fc2.com\/blog-entry-96.html\">\u8584\u7740\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb<\/a>\u3068<a 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E. Dessler, 2010: A determination of the cloud feedback from climate variations over the past decade. <em>Science<\/em>, <strong>330<\/strong>:1523-1527, DOI: 10.1126\/science.1192546 .\n<li>Andrew E. Dessler and Edward A. Parson,  \u521d\u7248 2006, \u7b2c2\u7248 2010: <em>The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change : A guide to the debate<\/em>. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-73740-1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u8a73\u3057\u3044\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\nContents [vii]<br \/>\nPreface ix<br \/>\nAcknowledgments xiii<br \/>\n<strong>1. An introduction to the climate problem<\/strong> 1<br \/>\n1.1 What is climate?<br \/>\n1.2 What is climate change?<br \/>\n1.3 A coordinate system for the Earth<br \/>\n1.4 Why you should believe this textbook<br \/>\n1.5 Chapter summary<br \/>\nAdditional reading<br \/>\nTerms<br \/>\nProblems<br \/>\n<strong>2. Is the climate changing?<\/strong> 16<br \/>\n2,1 Recent climate change<br \/>\n2.1.1 Surface thermometer record<br \/>\n2.1.2 Satellite measurements of temperature<br \/>\n2.1.3 Ice<br \/>\n2.1.3.1 Glaciers<br \/>\n2.1.3.2 Sea ice<br \/>\n2.1.3.3 Ice sheets<br \/>\n2.1.4 Ocean temperatures<br \/>\n2.1.5 Sea level<br \/>\n2.1.6 Putting it all together: Is today&#8217;s climate changing?<br \/>\n2.1.7 What is <em>not<\/em> evidence of climate change<br \/>\n2.2 Climate over the Earth&#8217;s history<br \/>\n2.2.1 Paleoproxies<br \/>\n2.2.2 The Earth&#8217;s long-term climate record<br \/>\n2.3 Chapter summary<br \/>\n<strong>3. Radiation and energy balance<\/strong> 34<br \/>\n3.1 Temperature and energy<br \/>\n3.2 Electromagnetic radiation<br \/>\n3.3 Blackbody radiation<br \/>\n3.4 Energy balance<br \/>\n3.5 Chapter summary<br \/>\n<strong>4. A simple climate model<\/strong> 48<br \/>\n4.1 The source of energy for our climate system<br \/>\n4.2 Energy loss to space<br \/>\n4.3 The greenhouse effect<br \/>\n4.3.1 One-layer model<br \/>\n4.3.2 Two-layer model<br \/>\n4.3.3 <i>n<\/i>-layer model<br \/>\n4.4 Testing our theory with other planets<br \/>\n4.5 Chapter summary<br \/>\n<strong>5. The carbon cycle<\/strong> 62<br \/>\n5.1 Greenhouse gases and our atmosphere&#8217;s composition<br \/>\n5.2 Atmosphere &#8211; land biosphere &#8211; ocean carbon exchange<br \/>\n5.2.1 Atmosphere &#8211; land biosphere exchange<br \/>\n5.2.2 Atmosphere &#8211; ocean carbon exchange<br \/>\n5.2.3 The combined atmosphere &#8211; land biosphere &#8211; ocean system<br \/>\n5.3 Atmosphere &#8211; rock exchange<br \/>\n5.4 How are humans perturbing the carbon cycle?<br \/>\n5.5 Some commonly asked questions about the carbon cycle<br \/>\n5.6 Methane<br \/>\n5.7 Chapter summary<br \/>\n<strong>6. Forcing, feedbacks, and climate sensitivity<\/strong> 82<br \/>\n6.1 Time lags in the climate system<br \/>\n6.2 Radiative forcing<br \/>\n6.2.1 Trace gases<br \/>\n6.2.2 Aerosols<br \/>\n6.2.3 Land-use changes<br \/>\n6.2.4 Changes in the Sun<br \/>\n6.3 Feedbacks<br \/>\n6.3.1 Fast feedbacks<br \/>\n6.3.2 Slow feedbacks<br \/>\n6.4 Climate sensitivity<br \/>\n6.4.1 Feedback math<br \/>\n6.4.2 Sensitivity<br \/>\n6.5 Chapter summary<br \/>\n<strong>7. Why is the climate changing?<\/strong> 103<br \/>\n7.1 The first suspect: Movement of the continents<br \/>\n7.2 The Sun<br \/>\n7.3 The Earth&#8217;s orbit<br \/>\n7.4 Internal variability<br \/>\n7.5 Greenhouse gases<br \/>\n7.6 Putting it all together<br \/>\n7.7 Chapter summary<br \/>\n<strong>8. The future of our climate<\/strong> 118<br \/>\n8.1 The factors that control emissions<br \/>\n8.2 How these factors have changed in the recent past<br \/>\n8.2.1 Population<br \/>\n8.2.2 Affluence<br \/>\n8.2.3 Technology<br \/>\n8.3 How these factors will change over the 21st century<br \/>\n8.3.1 Population<br \/>\n8.3.2 Affluence<br \/>\n8.3.3 Technology<br \/>\n8.4 Emissions scenarios<br \/>\nSummary of scenario families<br \/>\n8.5 Predictions of future atmospheric composition<br \/>\n8.6 Predictions of future climate<br \/>\n8.6.1 Over the next century<br \/>\n8.6.2 Climate change beyond 2100<br \/>\n8.7 Is the climate predictable?<br \/>\n8.8 Chapter summary<br \/>\n<strong>9. Impacts<\/strong> 136<br \/>\n9.1 Why should you care about climate change?<br \/>\n9.2 Temperature<br \/>\n9.3 Precipitation<br \/>\n9.4 Sea-level rise and ocean acidification<br \/>\n9.5 Impact of these changes<br \/>\n9.6 Abrupt climate changes<br \/>\n9.7 Chapter summary<br \/>\n<strong>10. Exponential growth<\/strong> 153<br \/>\n10.1 What is exponential growth?<br \/>\n10.2 The rule of 72<br \/>\n10.3 Limits of exponential growth<br \/>\n10.4 Discounting<br \/>\n10.4.1 The time value of money<br \/>\n10.4.2 The discount rate<br \/>\n10.5 Chapter summary<br \/>\n<strong>11. Fundamentals of climate change policy<\/strong> 165<br \/>\n11.1 Adaptation<br \/>\n11.2 Mitigation<br \/>\n11.2.1 Technology to reduce carbon intensity<br \/>\n11.2.2 Policies to reduce carbon emissions<br \/>\n11.3 Geoengineering<br \/>\n11.4 Chapter summary<br \/>\n<strong>12. Mitigation policies<\/strong> 185<br \/>\n12.1 Conventional regulations<br \/>\n12.2 Market-based regulations<br \/>\n12.2.1 Carbon tax<br \/>\n12.2.2 Cap and trade<br \/>\n12.2.3 Carbon tax versus cap and trade<br \/>\n12.2.4 Offsets<br \/>\n12.3 Information and voluntary methods<br \/>\n12.4 Chapter summary<br \/>\n<strong>13. A brief history of climate science and politics<\/strong> 198<br \/>\n13.1 The beginning of climate science<br \/>\n13.2 The emergence of environmentalism<br \/>\n13.3 The 1970s and 1980s: supersonic airliners, acid rain, and ozone depletion<br \/>\n13.4 The year everything changed: 1988<br \/>\n13.5 The Framework Convention on Climate Change: The first climate treaty<br \/>\n13.6 The Kyoto Protocol<br \/>\n13.7 The Bush years<br \/>\n13.8 Copenhagen<br \/>\n13.9 Chapter summary<br \/>\n<strong>14. Putting it together: A long-term policy to address climate change<\/strong> 216<br \/>\n14.1 Decisions under uncertainty: Should we reduce emissions?<br \/>\n14.2 Picking a long-term goal<br \/>\n14.2.1 Cost versus benefits<br \/>\n14.2.2 Target: 2 degree C<br \/>\n14.3 How do we get there?<br \/>\n14.3.1 The physics of a 2 degree C limit<br \/>\n14.3.2 How to get there<br \/>\n14.3.3 What can you do?<br \/>\n14.4 A few final thoughts<br \/>\nReferences 231<br \/>\nIndex 235[-238]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Andrew E. DESSLER, 2012: Introduction to Modern Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 238 pp. ISBN 978-0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2101"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8577,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101\/revisions\/8577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}