{"id":1931,"date":"2011-10-10T20:01:51","date_gmt":"2011-10-10T11:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=1931"},"modified":"2019-06-17T12:00:18","modified_gmt":"2019-06-17T03:00:18","slug":"frederick-soddy-1926-wealth-virtual-wealth-and-debt-%e5%af%8c%e3%80%81%e4%bb%ae%e6%83%b3%e7%9a%84%e3%81%aa%e5%af%8c%e3%80%81%e8%b2%a0%e5%82%b5-%e4%b8%ad%e9%96%93%e3%83%a1%e3%83%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=1931","title":{"rendered":"Frederick Soddy (1926) Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt \/ \u5bcc\u3001\u4eee\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u5bcc\u3001\u8ca0\u50b5 (\u4e2d\u9593\u30e1\u30e2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Frederick SODDY, 1926 (new printing 1983): <em>Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt: The Solution of the Economic Paradox<\/em>. London: George Allen &#038; Unwin. 320 pp. [\u3068\u3073\u3089\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u3001Palmdale CA USA: OMNI Publication\/CBC \u3068\u5237\u308a\u52a0\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Soddy\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eba\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001Daly (1996)\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u8208\u5473\u304c\u308f\u3044\u305f\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u570f\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6842\u6728\u5065\u6b21\u6c0f\u3001\u4e2d\u5c71\u6b63\u654f\u6c0f\u3001\u85e4\u5802\u53f2\u660e\u6c0f\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8ad6\u8003\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306fPDF\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3067\u516c\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u5fd8\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u85e4\u5802\u6c0f\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5ba4\u7530(1979)\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3082\u8ad6\u3058\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305d\u3046\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001Soddy\u306e\u8003\u3048\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u8cc7\u6e90\u8ad6\u306b\u65e9\u3044\u6bb5\u968e\u304b\u3089\u53d6\u308a\u3053\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u3070\u3089\u304fDaly\u306e\u672c\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u6e80\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001Fleck (1935)\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=1496\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a>\u306e\u7de8\u8a33\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308bTrenn\u304cSoddy\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u306e\u8457\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e1979\u5e74\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3001Soddy\u306e\u5bcc\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306f\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u304c\u4e3b\u5f79\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u3001\u8457\u4f5c\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u8aad\u307f\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u798f\u5cf6\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u4e8b\u6545\u306e\u5f8c\u3001(\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306f\u300c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u30bb\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u5f62\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e)\u300c\u540c\u4f4d\u5143\u7d20\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u540c\u4f4d\u4f53\u300d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5831\u9053\u3092\u6bce\u65e5\u805e\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u63d0\u5531\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308bSoddy\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3082\u5fd8\u308c\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u672c\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u8ca9\u58f2\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u3042\u305f\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u53e4\u672c\u5c4b\u306b\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u30ea\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u5728\u5eab\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002(\u5b9f\u306f1\u5e74\u304b2\u5e74\u524d\u306b\u3082\u3055\u304c\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u305d\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306f\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u30ea\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u30da\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u521d\u7248\u5e74\u306f\u5370\u5237\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u304c\u521d\u7248\u306e\u5f71\u5370\u7248\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002\u3068\u3073\u3089\u306e\u6b21\u306e\u732e\u8f9e\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u4e0b\u306e\u307b\u3046\u306b\u300cNew printing 1983\u300d\u3068\u5237\u308a\u305f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u984c\u540d\u306e\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3073\u3089\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u4e0b\u306e\u307b\u3046\u306bOmni Publication\u3068\u3044\u3046\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3089\u3057\u3044\u540d\u524d\u304c\u3001\u305f\u3076\u3093\u5225\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u3067\u5237\u308a\u305f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30021983\u5e74\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3068\u3073\u3089\u306e\u898b\u8fd4\u3057\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306bBritish Library\u304b\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306eLibrary of Congress\u306e\u898f\u683c\u306e\u66f8\u8a8c\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u3042\u308a\u305d\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002George  Allen &#038; Unwin\u3068\u3044\u3046\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u306f1983\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u5065\u5728\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067(\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u672c\u793e\u306fHarper 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(1944) <a 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(\u4fe1\u7528)\u3092\u5bcc\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002Credit\u306f\u8ca0\u50b5\u3068\u7d44\u3067\u3001\u4eba\u306e\u610f\u5fd7\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4f55\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304b\u3089\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u3001\u307e\u305f\u6d88\u6ec5\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u501f\u91d1\u8a3c\u6587\u3092\u6271\u3046\u5e97\u304c\u9280\u884c\u3060\u3002\u306a\u304a\u3001\u8ca8\u5e63\u3082credit\u3068\u4f3c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u8ca8\u5e63\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u8fd4\u3059\u7fa9\u52d9\u304c\u3064\u3044\u3066\u307e\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u56fd\u306e\u501f\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3042\u3066\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066Soddy\u306f\u3001\u300c\u56fd\u306e\u8ca0\u50b5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3082\u306e\u304c\u56fd\u306e\u5bcc\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u306b\u306f7\u7ae0\u4ee5\u964d\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3079\u304d\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u5370\u8c61\u3067\u306f\u300c\u56fd\u5eab\u306e(\u8ca0\u50b5)\u300d\u3068\u300c\u56fd\u6c11\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e(\u5bcc)\u300d\u3068\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u601d\u3046\u3002\u56fd\u6c11\u306e\u3060\u308c\u304b\u304c\u56fd\u50b5\u3092\u8cb7\u3063\u305f(\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u91d1\u3092\u8cb8\u3057\u305f)\u3068\u304d\u3001\u56fd\u5eab\u306f\u8ca0\u50b5\u3092\u3082\u3064\u304c\u3001\u56fd\u5eab\u3092\u542b\u3080\u56fd\u6c11\u7d4c\u6e08\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u8cb8\u3057\u501f\u308a\u30bc\u30ed\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u306e\u3061\u306eGeorgescu-Roegen 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href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/ja\/reading\/georgescu1971.html\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8]<\/a>\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u5185\u5916\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8b70\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bcc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e74\u9593\u751f\u7523\u984d\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8fb2\u696d\u306b\u9650\u308c\u3070\u3001\u571f\u5730\u306e\u751f\u7523\u6027\u3092\u5e74\u9593\u751f\u7523\u984d\u3067\u4ee3\u8868\u3055\u305b\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u306a\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6765\u306f\u5225\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7dcf\u751f\u7523\u3068\u6b63\u5473\u751f\u7523\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u5473\u751f\u7523\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u3066\u6240\u5f97\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3053\u3053\u306b\u91d1\u92ad\u7684\u6240\u5f97\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3068\u3001\u8fb2\u5bb6\u3084\u5bb6\u5ead\u306e\u81ea\u5bb6\u5411\u3051\u306e\u751f\u7523\u6d3b\u52d5\u304c\u629c\u3051\u843d\u3061\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(\u5f53\u6642\u306e)\u8fd1\u3054\u308d\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u52b9\u7528\u3068\u6e80\u8db3\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u82e6\u75db\u306f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b? \u4f59\u6687\u3092\u5931\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b?<\/p>\n<p>\u5bcc\u306f\u5229\u5b50\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u7acb\u5834\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5bcc\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5229\u7387\u3067\u6240\u5f97\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u305d\u308c\u306f\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3048\u306a\u3044\u6c38\u4e45\u6a5f\u95a2\u3068\u4f3c\u305f\u8003\u3048\u3060\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u6bce\u5e74\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u751f\u7523\u7269\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u7523\u3092\u3042\u3052\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306e\u4f59\u6687\u3092\u596a\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u50cd\u304b\u305b\u305f\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u5bcc\u306b\u306f\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u306e\u5bcc\u304c\u3075\u3048\u308b\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u304c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u9ad8\u304f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3092\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001Ruskin\u3092\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u70b9\u3067\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Ruskin\u306e\u614b\u5ea6\u306f\u5bb6\u7236\u9577\u7684\u3067\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u306a\u5e02\u6c11\u3067\u306a\u304f\u4eba\u3092\u652f\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u304a\u304f\u4eba\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Marx\u3068\u306f\u5c11\u3057\u9055\u3046\u304c\u52b4\u50cd\u4fa1\u5024\u8aac\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5bcc\u3092\u8ca0\u50b5\u3068\u88cf\u8868\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3068\u3089\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u70b9\u306fMcLeod\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u52b4\u50cd\u4fa1\u5024\u8aac\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5bcc\u306f\u4eba\u3092\u52b4\u50cd\u3055\u305b\u308b\u7d04\u675f\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3089\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Soddy\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306f\u4e0d\u751f\u4e0d\u6ec5\u3060\u304c\u3001\u6709\u52b9\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306f\u6e1b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002\u6709\u52b9\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u304c\u6e1b\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u5bcc\u304c\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b(\u5fc5\u305a\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u306f\u9650\u3089\u306a\u3044)\u3002\u4eca\u3075\u3046\u306b\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30a8\u30af\u30bb\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u4fa1\u5024\u8aac\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u4ee5\u524d\u306b\u306f\u5974\u96b7\u52b4\u50cd\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5916\u90e8\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u5229\u7528\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u3092\u89e3\u653e\u3057\u305f\u306f\u305a\u3060\u304c\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u306f\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u306a\u4e0d\u6e80\u304c\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u3057\u304f\u307f\u306e\u767a\u9054\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8457\u8005\u306e\u8003\u5bdf(\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3053\u306e\u7ae0\u306e\u90e8\u5206)\u3002\u8fb2\u5730(\u592a\u967d\u5149\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b)\u306f\u751f\u7523\u529b\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u8fb2\u5730\u3092\u8cb7\u3048\u308b\u304a\u91d1\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u751f\u7523\u529b\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3088\u3046\u306b\u611f\u3058\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u5f53\u521d\u306e\u304a\u304b\u306d\u306f\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u91d1\u584a\u3002\u4ea4\u63db\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u5897\u6b96\u306f\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8ffd\u3063\u3066\u3001\u9810\u3051\u308b\u3068\u5229\u5b50\u304c\u3064\u304f\u5236\u5ea6\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u672c\u6765\u306e\u5bcc\u304c\u5897\u6b96\u3059\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8ca0\u50b5\u3068\u305d\u308c\u3068\u7d44\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305fcredit\u304c\u5897\u6b96\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u3002\u5bcc\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u306f\u307e\u305a\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u751f\u5b58(+\u611b+\u601d\u8003)\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3060\u3002\u5bcc\u306f\u6709\u52b9\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u6d88\u8cbb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3064\u304f\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5bcc\u306f\u6240\u6709\u6a29\u3068\u306f\u5225\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3089\u3060\u3002\u7a7a\u6c17\u306f\u6240\u6709\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u304c(\u6db2\u4f53\u7a7a\u6c17\u306f\u5225)\u3001\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u5bcc\u3067\u306a\u3044\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u98df\u6599\u3068\u71c3\u6599\u3082\u5bcc\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30a8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E. DALY, 1996: <em>Beyond Growth: The Economics of Sustainable Development<\/em>. Boston: Beacon Press. [\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u7248] \u30cf\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30fbE\u30fb\u30c7\u30a4\u30ea\u30fc\u8457, \u65b0\u7530 \u529f, \u8535\u672c \u5fcd, \u5927\u68ee \u6b63\u4e4b \u8a33 (2005): <em>\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u767a\u5c55\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66<\/em>\u3002 \u307f\u3059\u305a\u66f8\u623f, 334+xxxiii pp.<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/ja\/reading\/daly1996.html\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u5ba4\u7530 \u6b66, 1979: <em>\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3068\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66<\/em>\u3002\u6771\u6d0b\u7d4c\u6e08\u65b0\u5831\u793e\u3002[\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u65b0\u520a\u5f53\u6642\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u306f\u305a\u3060\u304c\u3088\u304f\u899a\u3048\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002]<\/li>\n<li>Emilio SEGR\u00c8 (\u30a8\u30df\u30ea\u30aa\u30fb\u30bb\u30b0\u30ec), 1976: <em>Personaggi e Scoperte nella Fisica Contemporanea<\/em>. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, S.p.A. \u82f1\u8a9e\u7248 (1980): <em>From X-rays to Quarks: Modern Physicists and Their Discoveries<\/em>. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman &#038; Co. [\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u7248] \u4e45\u4fdd \u4eae\u4e94, \u77e2\u5d0e \u88d5\u4e8c \u8a33 (1982): <em>X\u7dda\u304b\u3089\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u307e\u3067 &#8212; 20\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061<\/em>\u3002 \u307f\u3059\u305a\u66f8\u623f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u85e4\u5802 \u53f2\u660e, 2006: \u30d5\u30ec\u30c7\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\uff65\u30bd\u30c7\u30a3\u306e\u5bcc\u306e\u6982\u5ff5,\u4fa1\u5024\u53ca\u3073\u8cc7\u672c\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3068, \u74b0\u5883\u53ca\u3073\u7d4c\u6e08\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u8ad6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u305d\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<em>\u65b0\u6f5f\u5927\u5b66\u7d4c\u6e08\u8ad6\u96c6<\/em> 81\u53f7 75-105.\u3000[6\u7ae0\u306e(\u6284)\u8a33\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3002]<\/li>\n<li>\u85e4\u5802 \u53f2\u660e, 2007: \u30d5\u30ec\u30c7\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30bd\u30c7\u30a3\u300e\u5bcc\uff0c\u4eee\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u5bcc\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8ca0\u50b5\uff1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306e\u9006\u8aac\u3078\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u300f\uff11\u7ae0\uff0c\uff13\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\uff3b\u7ffb\u8a33\uff3d\u3002<em>\u65b0\u6f5f\u5927\u5b66\u7d4c\u6e08\u8ad6\u96c6<\/em> 84\u53f7 105-139. <\/li>\n<li>\u85e4\u5802 \u53f2\u660e, 2008: \u30d5\u30ec\u30c7\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30bd\u30c7\u30a3\u300e\u5bcc\uff0c\u4eee\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u5bcc\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8ca0\u50b5\uff1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306e\u9006\u8aac\u3078\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u300f4\uff0d5\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5bcc\u30fb\u4fe1\u7528\u30fb\u4fa1\u5024\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u6279\u5224\u306e\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<em>\u65b0\u6f5f\u5927\u5b66\u7d4c\u6e08\u8ad6\u96c6<\/em> 86\u53f7 83-125.<\/li>\n<li>\u85e4\u5802 \u53f2\u660e, 2009: \u30d5\u30ec\u30c7\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30bd\u30c7\u30a3\u300e\u5bcc\uff0c\u4eee\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u5bcc\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8ca0\u50b5\uff1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306e\u9006\u8aac\u3078\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u300f7\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ca8\u5e63\u30fb\u4eee\u60f3\u7684\u5bcc\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<em>\u65b0\u6f5f\u5927\u5b66\u7d4c\u6e08\u8ad6\u96c6<\/em> 87\u53f7 101-144.<\/li>\n<li>Thaddeus J. TRENN, 1979: The central role of energy in Soddy&#8217;s holistic and critical approach to nuclear science, economics, and social responsibility.  <em>The British Journal for the History of Science<\/em>, <strong>12<\/strong>(42):261-276.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u306e\u5148\u306b\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002\u85e4\u5802\u6c0f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\u306e\u3042\u308b\u7ae0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5404\u7bc0\u306b\u85e4\u5802\u6c0f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7bc0\u756a\u53f7\u3082\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\nContents<br \/>\nPreface 9<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 1. Introductory<\/strong> 17<br \/>\n1-1 Science the World-Ferment<br \/>\n1-2 The Glasgow of James Watt and Adam Smith<br \/>\n1-3 The Economic Paradox<br \/>\n1-4 The Prospect<br \/>\n1-5 Physical Science and the Humanities<br \/>\n1-6 The Author&#8217;s Path from Physical Science to Economics<br \/>\n1-7 The Part played by Energy in Human History<br \/>\n1-8 The Real Capitalist a Plant<br \/>\n1-9 Is Science Accursed?<br \/>\n1-10 Applied Science and Root Science<br \/>\n1-11 Science and Government<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 2. Life&#8217;s Discoveries<\/strong> 34<br \/>\nDiscovery, Sub-concious and Concious<br \/>\nThe Unbroken Flow of Energy from Inanimate World into Life<br \/>\nThe Internal and External Life-Use of Energy<br \/>\nThe Origins of Available Energy<br \/>\nThe Physical Chemistry of Metabolism<br \/>\nCoal and Oil<br \/>\nSolar and Atomic Energy<br \/>\nCivilisation seeks to control the Flow of Energy from nearer its Source<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 3. The Basis of National Economics<\/strong> 49<br \/>\n3-1 The Struggle for Energy<br \/>\n3-2 The Broad Teachings of Thermodynamics<br \/>\n3-3 The Impossibility of Perpetual Motion Machines or Men<br \/>\n3-4 Illustrative Physical Processes<br \/>\n3-5 Wealth as a Form or Product of Energy. Its Unlimited Productivity<br \/>\n3-6 Poverty <i>and<\/i> Unemployment. A Monstrous Contradiction<br \/>\n3-7 The Change from Labour to Diligence<br \/>\n3-8 Discovery, Natural Energy and Diligence, the Three Ingredients of Wealth<br \/>\n3-9 Confusions between National and Individual Wealth<br \/>\n3-10 The Economic Dilemma<br \/>\n3-11 Political Economy and Politic Economics<br \/>\n3-12 The Paralysing Effect of Old Conventions<br \/>\n3-13 The Growth of Population no longer a Bugbear<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 4. The Fallacies of Orthodox Economists<\/strong> 69<br \/>\n4-1 Wealth and Debt<br \/>\n4-2 The Origins of the Confusion<br \/>\n4-3 Out of the Frying-pan into the Fire<br \/>\n4-4 Credit<br \/>\n4-5 Professor Cannan&#8217;s <i>Aper&ccedil;u<\/i> of the Science of Wealth<br \/>\n4-6 The Interest-bearing Theory of Wealth<br \/>\n4-7 The Conflict between Wealth and Leisure<br \/>\n4-8 Some Other Views<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 5. Unorthodox and Popular Views<\/strong> 93<br \/>\n5-1 The Denial of the Existence of Absolute Wealth<br \/>\n5-2 Ruskin<br \/>\n5-3 The Economics of Life as the Product of the Consumption of Wealth<br \/>\n5-4 Ruskin&#8217;s Failure to Grasp the Nature of Absolute Wealth<br \/>\n5-5 The Physical Laws of Conservation can be applied to the Conception of Wealth<br \/>\n5-6 The Confused Aspiration of Modern Communities<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 6. The Two Categories of Wealth<\/strong> 108<br \/>\n6-1 The Nature and Definition of Absolute Wealth<br \/>\n6-2 A Debt of Life repaid in Life<br \/>\n6-3 Value or Price<br \/>\n6-4 Labour and Wealth<br \/>\n6-5 An Electrical Model of the Productive System<br \/>\n6-6 The Two Thermodynamic Categories of Wealth<br \/>\n6-7 Perishable and Permanent Wealth<br \/>\n6-8 Capital Agents of Production<br \/>\n6-9 An Illustration from Chemistry<br \/>\n6-10 Repayments given by Wealth<br \/>\n6-11 Capital as a Form of Permanent Wealth<br \/>\n6-12 Capital multiplies Human Efficiency<br \/>\n6-13 Capital cannot multiply Human Time<br \/>\n6-14 Capital Increases <i>either<\/i> Leisure <i>or<\/i> Wealth<br \/>\n6-15 The Limit at which the Accumulation of Capital Defeats its Object<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 7. Money Old and Money New<\/strong> 130<br \/>\n7-1 The Mechanism for Distributing Wealth among Individuals for Consumption<br \/>\n7-2 The Dangers of Money<br \/>\n7-3 The Simplest Questions about Modern Money are unanswerable<br \/>\n7-4 The Evolution of Money<br \/>\n7-5 Virtual Wealth<br \/>\n7-6 The Two Kinds of National Credit<br \/>\n7-7 Sketch of the Origin of the Present System<br \/>\n7-8 Kubla Khan&#8217;s Currency<br \/>\n7-9 The Origin of Modern Paper Money<br \/>\n7-10 The Displacement of National Money by Bank Money<br \/>\n7-11 The Private Issue of Money; a Chance Result of the Bank Cheque System<br \/>\n7-12 The Moratorium and After<br \/>\n7-13 The Change from the Old to the New &#8220;Money&#8221;<br \/>\n7-14 The Pyramiding of Credit<br \/>\n7-15 Puzzle, Find the Money<br \/>\n7-16 Money Imagined to Exist for the Purpose of Bearing Interest<br \/>\n7-17 How the Community is Robbed<br \/>\n7-18 Some Monetary Data<br \/>\n7-19 Modern Money a New Institution<br \/>\n7-20 Bankers as Rulers<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 8. The Purchasing Power of Money<\/strong> 164<br \/>\nGold-Value and Goods-Value<br \/>\nHow the Gold-Value of Money was Maintained<br \/>\nThe Present Position<br \/>\nThe Variability of Gold<br \/>\nThe Evils of a Variable Standard<br \/>\nThe Evils of a Shortage of Currency<br \/>\nProduction reduced rather than Prices<br \/>\nWhat is left of the Value of the Standard or Value?<br \/>\nGold as the Spur of Civilisation<br \/>\nGold now a Fraudulent Standard<br \/>\nReal Wages and Just Wages<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 9. A National Money System<\/strong> 184<br \/>\nThe Social Importance of the Study of Money<br \/>\nAnalysis of Usury<br \/>\nGenuine and Fictious Money Loans<br \/>\nLending Money in Current Account Indefencible<br \/>\nThe Breakdown of the Monetary System; The Moratorium<br \/>\nWar Finance<br \/>\nThe <i>Reductio ad Absurdum<\/i> of the Modern Monetary System<br \/>\nHow the Taxpayer pays (Pound)M100 a Year Interest on Non-existent Money<br \/>\nThe Remedy<br \/>\nThe still Unsolved Problem<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 10. The Principle of Virtual Wealth<\/strong> 200<br \/>\nHigh Finance or High Treason?<br \/>\nThe Principle of Virtual Wealth<br \/>\nThe Value of Money measured by Virtual Wealth<br \/>\nThe Musical Chairs Analogy<br \/>\nWhy a Standard is Essential<br \/>\nIndex Number<br \/>\nThe Hypocrisy of Standardising Weights and Measures and not Money<br \/>\nA Currency Based on Index Number<br \/>\nAt What Value Should Money be Fixed?<br \/>\nRelation between Price and Goods<br \/>\nVirtual Wealth and Incomes<br \/>\nHoarding and Mutual Credit<br \/>\nAn Analogy to the Governor of a Steam Engine<br \/>\nReply to Some Misunderstandings<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 11. The Riddle of the Sphinx<\/strong> 223<br \/>\nA Symbolism for Representing Economic Transactions<br \/>\nThe System in Equilibrium<br \/>\n&#8220;Price&#8221; is Distributed as well as Extracted<br \/>\nHow to Increase Production<br \/>\nThe Six Possible Operations<br \/>\nThe Necessary Quantity of Money<br \/>\nThe Effect of Increasing Money<br \/>\nThe Need of Abstinence or Saving<br \/>\nThe Problem Solved<br \/>\nThe Relation between abstinence and New Money<br \/>\nA more Detailed Illustration<br \/>\nThe Case of Existing Glut<br \/>\nHow it would look to a Banker<br \/>\nThe Consequence of Fictious Abstinence<br \/>\nWhat hitherto has limited Production and Consumption<br \/>\nThe Only Way of avoiding Initial Abstinence<br \/>\nWho Gains and Who Pays?<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 12. Accumulation <i>versus<\/i> Distribution<\/strong> 250<br \/>\nThe Accumulation of Capital<br \/>\nLike Money, Capital is Individual Wealth and Communal Debt<br \/>\nThe Doubtful Heritage of Science<br \/>\nThe Futility of Taxation<br \/>\nThe Agricultural Position of this Country<br \/>\nAnalysis of the Douglas Scheme of Social Credit Reform<br \/>\nThe Risk of Discrediting the New Economics<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 13. Capital Redemption<\/strong> 264<br \/>\nThe Production of Capital involves Less Consumption<br \/>\nThe Effects on Real Wages<br \/>\nThe Depreciation of Capital and the Shifting of the Burden on to the Public<br \/>\nThe Origin of Interest on Capital<br \/>\nInevitability of Interest in an Individualistic Community<br \/>\nThe Scientific Argument against the Unregulated Continuous Private Ownership of Capital<br \/>\nThe Deeper Futilities of Individualistic Economics<br \/>\nA Scheme of Compound Capital Redemption<br \/>\nSimple Redemption<br \/>\nMathematical Appendix<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 14. International Relations<\/strong> 277<br \/>\nThe Elements of Foreign Trade<br \/>\nThe Trade Balance<br \/>\nTHe International Aspects of Wealth and Debt<br \/>\nThe Fundamental Nature of the Problem<br \/>\nEdges Tools<br \/>\nEconomic Freedom <i>versus<\/i> Servitude<br \/>\nThe Practical Problem<br \/>\nThe Function of Gold<br \/>\nA Suggestion for the Statistical Regulation of the Trade Balance<br \/>\nA National Stabilised Currency would Assist, not Retard, Foreign Trade<br \/>\nIs there a Financial Conspiracy?<br \/>\nThe Real Conspiracy<br \/>\n*<strong>Chapter 15. Summary of Practical Conclusions<\/strong> 294<\/p>\n<p>Name Index 307<br \/>\nSubject Index 309[-320]<br \/>\n==<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Frederick SODDY, 1926 (new printing 1983): Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt: The Solution of the Economic Parad [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1931"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1931\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8644,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1931\/revisions\/8644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}