{"id":12072,"date":"2024-08-20T18:55:56","date_gmt":"2024-08-20T09:55:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=12072"},"modified":"2024-09-01T16:11:43","modified_gmt":"2024-09-01T07:11:43","slug":"john-w-tukey-1977-exploratory-data-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=12072","title":{"rendered":"John W. Tukey (1977) Exploratory Data Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>John W. <strong>Tukey<\/strong>, 1977: <em>Exploratory Data Analysis<\/em>. Reading MA USA: Addison-Wesley, 506 pp. ISBN 0-201-07616-0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A5\u5224\u3088\u308a\u3059\u3053\u3057\u304a\u304a\u304d\u3081\u306e\u30cf\u30fc\u30c9\u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u3002\u8868\u7d19\u306f\u30aa\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u8272\u3068\u3044\u3046\u304b\u3001\u6731\u8272\u3068\u3044\u3046\u304b\u3002\u80cc\u8868\u7d19\u306b\u306f\u300cTukey E D A\u300d\u3068\u3060\u3051\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u672c\u306f\u30011980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u8cb7\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u524d\u534a\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u751f\u306e\u3053\u308d\u306b\u3001\u300c\u63a2\u7d22\u578b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u89e3\u6790\u300d (exploratory data analysis, EDA) \u3068\u3044\u3046\u304b\u3093\u304c\u3048\u304b\u305f\u3092\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u6e90\u304b\u3089\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3088\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3068\u304a\u3082\u3063\u305f\u30021985\u5e74\u306b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u54e1 (\u52a9\u624b) \u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u304a\u3057\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u6a5f\u4f1a\u306b\u3001EDA \u306e\u539f\u5178\u3068\u3044\u308f\u308c\u308b\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304a\u3053\u3046\u3068\u304a\u3082\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307f\u308b\u3068\u3001\u304b\u306a\u308a\u304f\u305b\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u672c\u3067\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u8aad\u307f\u3059\u3059\u3081\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u624b\u6cd5\u306f\u308f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u307e\u306d\u3092\u3059\u308b\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3082\u3042\u308b\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3089\u304b\u306f\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u304c\u3064\u304b\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8457\u8005\u304c\u624b\u304c\u304d\u3067\u3084\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3081\u3093\u3069\u3046\u306b\u611f\u3058\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u5165\u51fa\u529b\u6280\u8853\u3067\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3088\u308a\u3046\u307e\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306e\u3057\u3054\u3068\u306a\u304b\u307e\u304c\u3044\u305f Bell \u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3067\u300cS\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u304c\u3064\u304f\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u306f\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u7d39\u4ecb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3067\u5b9f\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001S\u306f\u5f53\u6642\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u3064\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u5927\u578b (\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0) \u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u3067\u3082 MS-DOS \u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3\u3067\u3082\u3046\u3054\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002Unix \u3067\u306f\u3046\u3054\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u6709\u6599\u306e\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u3067\u3001\u500b\u5225\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u3067\u8cb7\u3046\u306b\u306f\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u3001\u6563\u5e03\u56f3\u306a\u3069\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u90e8\u54c1\u304b\u3089\u304f\u307f\u305f\u3066\u3066\u3064\u304f\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3082\u3046\u3059\u3053\u3057\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6280\u6cd5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u300120-00\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001S\u3068\u307b\u307c\u4e92\u63db\u306e\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u300cR\u300d\u304c\u666e\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3001\u3084\u3063\u3068\u305f\u3081\u305b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3046\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u672c\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u300c\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3092\u3064\u304f\u3063\u305f\u672c\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u6e90\u3092\u3068\u304a\u3057\u3066\u307f\u306b\u3064\u3051\u305f\u3001Tukey \u3055\u3093\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b EDA \u306e\u304b\u3093\u304c\u3048\u304b\u305f\u306f\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306b\u3057\u307f\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u3082\u3068\u3082\u3068\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u767a\u60f3\u3068\u533a\u5225\u304c\u3064\u304b\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u7406\u79d1\u7cfb\u306e\u56f3\u66f8\u3084\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092\u3075\u304f\u3081\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\u3001\u3066\u307e\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066 (\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u88fd\u56f3\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306b\u4f9d\u983c\u3057\u3066) 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exhibit \u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u3070\u3042\u3044\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u306a\u3089\u3079\u3066\u56f3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u56f3\u3068\u8868\u306e\u533a\u5225\u3092\u306a\u304f\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u306a\u6c17\u304c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u305d\u308c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u4e2d\u9593\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u7df4\u7fd2\u554f\u984c\u306a\u3069\u3001\u304a\u3088\u305d\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092 exhibit \u306b\u3075\u304f\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ae0\u306e\u756a\u53f7\u306f\u7b97\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u3060\u304c\u3001\u7ae0\u306e\u4e0b\u306e\u7bc0\u306f\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u3001\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u7bc0\u306a\u3089\u3070\u300c2A\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u76ee\u6b21\u306f\u3053\u306e\u7bc0\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u307e\u3067\u3067\u3001\u7ae0\u3054\u3068\u306b\u307e\u305f\u76ee\u6b21\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3082\u30461\u6bb5\u3053\u307e\u304b\u3044\u5c0f\u7bc0\u306e\u540d (\u8a18\u53f7\u306f\u306a\u3044) \u3068\u3001exhibit (\u756a\u53f7\u3060\u3051\u3060\u304c) \u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3002(\u3053\u306e\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2\u306e\u4e0b\u306b\u3064\u3051\u305f\u76ee\u6b21\u306f\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u76ee\u6b21\u306e\u306a\u304b\u306b\u5c0f\u7bc0\u307e\u3067\u66f8\u304d\u3053\u307f\u3001exhibit\u306f\u7701\u7565\u3057\u305f\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u306b\u4ee3\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308bEDA\u306e\u614b\u5ea6\u3092\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306a\u308a\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3064\u304e\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u306f\u3058\u3081\u304b\u3089\u7d71\u8a08\u91cf\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u304a\u3082\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u81ea\u4f53\u3092\u307f\u308b\u3002\u3068\u304f\u306b\u5ea6\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u307f\u308b\u30d2\u30b9\u30c8\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306a\u3069\u30012\u5909\u91cf\u306a\u3089\u3070\u305d\u306e\u304f\u307f\u3042\u308f\u305b\u306e\u5ea6\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u307f\u308b\u6563\u5e03\u56f3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u91cd\u8996\u3059\u308b\u3002\n<li>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u304a\u304a\u304d\u304f\u306f\u305a\u308c\u305f\u5024\u304c\u3075\u304f\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3064\u304b\u3063\u3066\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u91cf\u3092\u3082\u3068\u3081\u3066\u3082\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u304c\u3068\u307c\u3057\u3044\u3002\u306f\u305a\u308c\u5024\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3061\u304c\u3044\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3057\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u7570\u5e38\u306a\u3053\u3068\u304c\u304a\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3002\u4ed6\u65b9\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u5024\u3084\u3070\u3089\u3064\u304d\u306e\u6307\u6a19\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u3084\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u3088\u308a\u3082 \u306f\u305a\u308c\u5024\u306b\u3064\u3088\u3044\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u5024\u3084\u56db\u5206\u4f4d\u5e45\u306a\u3069\u306e\u9806\u4f4d\u7d71\u8a08\u91cf\u3092\u3064\u304b\u3046\u3002\n<li>\u5ea6\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u304c\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u306a\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u5909\u6570\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u5bfe\u79f0\u306b\u3061\u304b\u3065\u3051\u305f\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u96c6\u5408\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u3088\u304f\u307f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30022\u3064\u306e\u5909\u91cf\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u307f\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304c\u76f4\u7dda\u306b\u306e\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u7dda\u306b\u3061\u304b\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5909\u6570\u5909\u63db\u3092\u3055\u3050\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u9806\u4f4d\u7d71\u8a08\u91cf\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u4e2d\u592e\u5024\u306e\u5bfe\u6570\u306f\u5bfe\u6570\u306e\u4e2d\u592e\u5024\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3064\u3054\u3046\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3002\n<li>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u3060\u3044\u305f\u3044\u76f4\u7dda\u306b\u306e\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u76f4\u7dda\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6b8b\u5dee\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3001\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3068\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u3055\u3089\u306b\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u3088\u307f\u3068\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7ae0\u306e\u984c\u540d\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u3060\u3059\u3068\u3001\u3064\u304e\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n1. Scratching down numbers (stem-and-leaf)<br \/>\n2. Schematic summaries (pictures and numbers)<br \/>\n3. Easy re-expression<br \/>\n4. Effective comparison (including well-chosen expression)<br \/>\n5. Plots of relationship<br \/>\n6. Straightening out plots (using three points)<br \/>\n7. Smoothing sequences<br \/>\n7+ Optional sections for Chapter 7<br \/>\n8. Parallel and wandering schematic plots<br \/>\n9. Delineations of batches of points<br \/>\n10. Using two-way analyses<br \/>\n11. Making two-way analyses<br \/>\n11+ Optional sections for Chapters 10 and 11<br \/>\n12. Advanced fits<br \/>\n13. Three-way fits<br \/>\n14. Looking in two or more ways at batches of points<br \/>\n15. Counted fractions<br \/>\n16. Better smoothing<br \/>\n17. Counts in BIN after BIN<br \/>\n18. Product-ratio plots<br \/>\n19. Shapes of distribution<br \/>\n20. Mathematical distributions<br \/>\n21. Postscript<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5e79\u8449\u8868\u793a\u300d(stem-and-leaf dislay) \u304c\u5968\u52b1\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8981\u3059\u308b\u306b\u30d2\u30b9\u30c8\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306a\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u68d2\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3067\u305d\u3053\u306b\u6570\u5b57\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30d2\u30b9\u30c8\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u533a\u9593\u3088\u308a\u3082\u4e00\u6bb5\u3053\u307e\u304b\u3044\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u5024\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u3068\u304f\u306b Tukey \u306e EDA \u3092\u8a71\u984c\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3082\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3001BASIC \u3084 Pascal \u306b\u3088\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u4f8b\u3092\u898b\u305f\u304a\u307c\u3048\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8981\u7d04\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3001\u304a\u3082\u306b\u9806\u4f4d\u7d71\u8a08\u91cf\u3092\u3064\u304b\u3046\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u5024\u3001\u56db\u5206\u4f4d\u5024\u3001\u6700\u5927\u30fb\u6700\u5c0f\u5024\u306e5\u3064\u306e\u5024\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8981\u7d04\u304c\u3064\u304b\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002(\u305f\u3060\u3057Tukey\u306f\u56db\u5206\u4f4d\u5024\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092 hinge \u3068\u3044\u3044\u3001\u3053\u307e\u304b\u3044\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u306e\u56db\u5206\u4f4d\u5024\u3068\u304a\u306a\u3058\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3002) \u56f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4e0a\u4e0b\u306e\u56db\u5206\u4f4d\u5024\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u7bb1\u3092\u304b\u304d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u306b\u68d2\u3092\u306e\u3070\u3059\u300c\u7bb1\u3072\u3052\u56f3\u300d (box-and-whisker plot) \u304c\u7d39\u4ecb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u300cschematic plot\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u306f\u3001Tukey \u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u306b\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u305f\u7bb1\u3072\u3052\u56f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u300c\u3072\u3052\u300d\u3092\u6700\u5927\u5024\u30fb\u6700\u5c0f\u5024\u307e\u3067\u306e\u3070\u3059\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001Tukey \u306e\u7bb1\u3072\u3052\u56f3\u306f\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u56db\u5206\u4f4d\u5e45\u306e1.5\u500d\u307e\u3067\u3072\u3052\u3092\u306e\u3070\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5916\u5074\u306b\u304f\u308b\u70b9\u306f\u500b\u5225\u306b\u304b\u304f\u3002Tukey\u5148\u751f\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3067\u306f \u56db\u5206\u4f4d\u5e45\u306e1.5\u500d\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5916\u5074\u306b\u304f\u308b\u70b9\u306f\u300c\u306f\u305a\u308c\u5024\u300d\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u306e\u304c\u3075\u3055\u308f\u3057\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u304a\u304a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304c\u3001\u3058\u3085\u3046\u3076\u3093\u306a\u8aac\u660e\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3010\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306b\u306f\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u300c\u982d\u3054\u306a\u3057\u300d\u3068\u611f\u3058\u3089\u308c\u3001\u307e\u306d\u3092\u3059\u308b\u6c17\u304c\u304a\u304d\u305a\u3001\u7406\u5c48\u304c\u3042\u304d\u3089\u304b\u306a\u6700\u5927\u30fb\u6700\u5c0f\u307e\u3067\u3072\u3052\u3092\u306e\u3070\u3059\u7bb1\u3072\u3052\u56f3\u3092\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3053\u3068\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3064\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u3044\u307e\u3067\u306f R \u306e\u7bb1\u3072\u3052\u56f3\u3092 \u304a\u305d\u3089\u304fTukey\u6d41\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u30c8\u5024\u306e\u307e\u307e \u3064\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3002\u3011<br \/>\n\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u3001\u7b2c8\u7ae0\u306a\u3069\u3067\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3084\u3001\u5ea6\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u6642\u9593\u5909\u5316\u3092\u304a\u3044\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001(\u30d2\u30b9\u30c8\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u306a\u3089\u3079\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u304b\u3055\u3070\u3063\u3066\u4e0d\u4fbf\u306a\u306e\u3067) \u7bb1\u3072\u3052\u56f3\u3092\u306a\u3089\u3079\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5968\u52b1\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u306f\u3001\u5909\u6570\u5909\u63db\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30d2\u30b9\u30c8\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u304c\u5bfe\u79f0\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u304d\u3001\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u3001\u9006\u6570\u3001\u5bfe\u6570\u306a\u3069\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3084\u308b\u3068\u5bfe\u79f0\u306b\u3061\u304b\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u5909\u63db\u3092\u3001\u5165\u529b\u5024\u304c1 \u306e\u3068\u304d\u306e\u51fa\u529b\u5024\u304c 0\u3001\u50be\u304d\u304c1\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3055\u306d\u308b\u3068\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044 (\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u306e exhibit 18, 19)\u3002x \u3068 -1\/x \u306e\u3042\u3044\u3060\u306b log x \u304c\u304f\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001x \u3068 log x \u306e\u3042\u3044\u3060\u306b x \u306e\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u304c\u304f\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u5909\u6570\u5909\u63db\u304c\u30012\u5909\u91cf\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u76f4\u7dda\u306b\u3061\u304b\u3065\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3064\u304b\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306b\u3057\u3066\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u3088\u307f\u3068\u308b\u3002\u70b9\u304c\u307b\u307c\u76f4\u7dda\u306b\u306e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u76f4\u7dda\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6b8b\u5dee\u3092\u3068\u3063\u305f\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3088\u308a\u3088\u304f\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u3068\u308a\u3060\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u304a\u3044\u304b\u3051\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3042\u305f\u308a\u307e\u3067\u3067\u3001\u3042\u3068\u306f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3069\u3053\u308d\u62fe\u3044\u8aad\u307f\u3057\u305f\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u304b\u3048\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n===== \u76ee\u6b21 =====<br \/>\nFrontpapers<br \/>\n &#8211; 1. Break table for two-decimal logs (chap. 3 exhibit 2)<br \/>\n &#8211; 2. Break table for (square) roots (chap. 3 exhibit 7)<br \/>\n &#8211; 3. Main break table &#8212; digits of negative reciprocals (chap. 3 exhibit 8)<br \/>\nPreface<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Examples, NOT case histories<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Confirmation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Exploration AND confirmation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Relation to the preliminary edition<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; About the problems<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Precision<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Acknowledgments<br \/>\nTo the Student or Teacher<br \/>\nContents<br \/>\n1. Scratching down numbers (stem-and-leaf)<br \/>\n &#8211; Comments about the index page<br \/>\n &#8211; 1A Quantitative detective work<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 1B Practical arithmetic<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; precision of arithmetic<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; rounding<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; cutting<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; units and decimal points<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; h for &#8220;and a half&#8221;<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8220;*&#8221; for place filler<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8220;#&#8221; for count<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 1C Scratching down numbers<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>batch<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; bold figures<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 1D Doing better with stem-and-leaf<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>stem-and-leaf displays<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; checking<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 1E Using the right number of stems<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; stretched stem-and-leaf<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; squeezed stem-and-leaf<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; using mixed leaves<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 1F How to count by tallying<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; used cars again<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 1G What dows it mean to &#8220;feel what the data are like&#8221; ?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 1H How far have we come?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; what have we learned to do?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; where do we stand?<br \/>\n &#8211; 1K How to use stem-and-leaf to pick up additional information (optional technique)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; pairs of numbers<br \/>\n &#8211; 1P Additional problems<br \/>\n2. Schematic summaries (pictures and numbers)<br \/>\n &#8211; General comment<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review quesions<br \/>\n &#8211; 2A Extremes and median<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>extremes<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>median<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; counting-in<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>rank<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>rank down<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>rank up<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>depth<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>interpolated ranks<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 2B Hinges and 5-number summaries<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>hinges<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>5-number summary<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>letter-value display<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; examples<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; further examples<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 2C Box-and-whisker plots<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>rules<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; basic ideas of plotting<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; tracing paper<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; scale values<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; plotting without graph paper<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 2D Fences, and outside values<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>H-spread<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>step<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>inner fences<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>outer fences<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>adjacent values<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>outside values<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>far out values<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>fenced letter display<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; ranges<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>range<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; trimeans<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>trimean<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 2E Schematic plots<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>rules for same<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 2F Pros and cons: the Rayleigh example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a better use<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; aim reiterated<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; choice of plots<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 2G Eights, sixteenths, etc.<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>eighths<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>sixteenths<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>E, D, C, etc.<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>7-number summaries<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>9-number summaries<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>letter values<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 2H How far have we come?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; what have we learned to do?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; where do we stand?<br \/>\n3. Easy re-expression<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 3A Logarithms = logs<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 3B Quick logs<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>beask tables<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 3C Comparisons of two batches<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; five-figure logs may not be enough<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 3D Quick roots and quick reciprocals<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; quick roots<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; quick reciprocals<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>use negative reciprocals<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a volcano example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; looking easier<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; reciprocal times<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 3E Looking quickly<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; combining evidence across batches<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 3F Counted data<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 3G Relation among powers and logs (optional)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>trivial re-expressions<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; quick reciprocal roots<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; quick squares<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 3H How far have we come?<br \/>\n &#8211; 3K How to think about logs (background)<br \/>\n &#8211; 3P Additional problems<br \/>\n4. Effective comparison (including well-chosen expression)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 4A Alternative forms of display of summaries<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 4B Comparing several batches (continued)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 4C A more extensive example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a condensed approach<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 4D The meaning of comparison<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 4E Adjustments, rough and exact<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; rough adjustments<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; exact adjustment<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 4F Residuals<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 4H How far have we come?<br \/>\n &#8211; 4P Additional problems<br \/>\n5. Plots of relationship<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>a residual<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>a response<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>a factor<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>a circumstance<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; (<em>factor, response<\/em>)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questoins<br \/>\n &#8211; 5A How to plot y against x<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; choice of ruling<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; choice of scale units<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; consequences of our purpose<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; kinds of grids<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; shape of plot<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; ticks and numbers along axes<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 5B Looking at subtraction<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; untilting<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 5C Subtracting straight lines<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; finding the line<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; an example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; subtracting idfferent straight lines<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>sum of the two lines<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; back to the example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>supplementary line<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 5D Plotting the population of the U.S.A.<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; the later decades<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; coming to details<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; the earlier details<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 5E Plotting the ratio of births to deaths<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; another try<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; going to the map<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 5F Untilting defines &#8220;tilt&#8221;<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>untilted<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>tilt<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 5H How far have we come?<br \/>\n &#8211; 5P Additional problems<br \/>\n6. Straightening out plots (using three points)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 6A Looking at three points<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 6B Re-expressing y alone<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; U.S. population again<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; fitting lines to three points<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 6C Re-expressing x alone<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; back to the population of the U.S.<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a caveat<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 6D A braking example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; using our knowledge<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 6E The vapor pressure of H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 6F Re-expressing the second variable<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; another try<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 6G Wise change of origin as a preliminary<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a radioactive decay example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 6H How far have we come?<br \/>\n &#8211; 6P Additional problems<br \/>\n7. Smoothing sequences<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; rainfall, wheat, and gold<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; smoothing<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; smoothing gold, wheat, and rainfall<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; what approach?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>sequence<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review quesitons<br \/>\n &#8211; 7A Medians of 3<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>running medians<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; repeated medians<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; notation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a comment<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; bituminous coal; suspended payments<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 7B Eye resmoothing<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; judgment = choices<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 7C Looking ahead<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a comparison of four pictures<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; blurring, advance notice<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; agenda<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 7D Copying-on &#8212; and more, usually<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; end-value smoothing<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; for those who prefer verbal arithmetic<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; 3R or 3R&#8217;<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a comment<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 7E Blurring the smooth &#8212; and setting the fences<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; modified hinges, medians, sizes, etc.<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>exact zero<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; *-<em>letter values<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; proper laziness<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; outside values<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>smooth supported by the rough<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 7F Splitting peaks and valleys<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; smoothing short subsequences<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; going farther (optional)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a comment<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 7G Hanning<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>skip means<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; comments<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; going a little farther<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; going a lot farther<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; what of the rough?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review quesions<br \/>\n &#8211; 7H How far have we come?<br \/>\n7+ Optional sections for Chapter 7<br \/>\n &#8211; 7I Breaking a smooth<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; presidential New Hampshire<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; back to suspended deposits<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 7J Choice of expression<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; first 3R<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; second, end values<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; third, residuals as a basis of choice<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; comparing expressions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; fourth, picturing the smooth<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; counted data<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; suspended bank counts<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 7K A two-section example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 7M How much more may we have learned?<br \/>\n8. Parallel and wandering schematic plots<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 8A Parallel schematic plots<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>letter cuts<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 8B Smoothing the cross-medians<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>broken median<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>cross-medians<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>middle trace<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>median trace<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 8C Smoothing broken hinges<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>cross-hinges<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 8D Dealing with the two questions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>cross hinges<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; smoothing the separations<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>leter-value differences<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>hinge traces<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 8E Wandering schematic plots<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>adjacent polygon<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>wandering schematic plot<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; interpretation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 8F A more demanding example: Governor&#8217;s salary and bank deposits<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; first analysis<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; untitled analysis<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; combined analysis<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 8G Further questions\/analysis in the example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; time changes<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; vertical width<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; slopes and levels<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; consolidated summary<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; moral<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 8H How far have we come?<br \/>\n &#8211; 8I The need to smooth both coordinates (optional)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n9. Delineations of batches of points<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 9A E-traces and D-traces<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 9B Simple delineation &#8211; -Twin Rivers again<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>delineation<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; an engineering example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 9C Reduced and schematic delineations<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>reduced delination<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; schematic (x, y)-plots<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>two-way schematic plot<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 9D What our schematic plots and delineations have missed<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; patterns of salaries<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 9E Three variables at once &#8212; or more<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; handling more variables<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; index cards<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; how many data sets?<br \/>\n &#8211; 9H How far have we come?<br \/>\n10. Using two-way analyses<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 10A Two-way residuals: row-PLUS-column analysis<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; single and double lines<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>double lines between things that add up<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; effects, common, eff, all<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>row-PLUS-column<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a comment<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 10B The row-PLUS-column fit<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; have we learned more?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; AN analysis &#8212; not THE analysis<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 10C Some points of technique<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; use of bolding<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; zeros and decimal points<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 10D Row-TIMES-column analysis<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>row-TIMES-column<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 10E Looking at row-PLUS-column fits and their residuals<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>row effect PLUS column fit<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; the two-way polt<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>a two-way plot<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; TIMES fits<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; looking at redisuals<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>two-way plot of residuals<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; other postponements<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 10F Fitting one more constant<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>comparison values<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>diagnostic plot<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>row-PLUS-col-PLUS-one fit<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 10G Converting Plus to Times: re-expression<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; consumption again<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; there could be others<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 10H How far have we come?<br \/>\n11. Making two-way analyses<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11A Taking medians out<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; controlling errors<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; subtraction<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; back to the example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a rule of thumb<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>four steps<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; the fit<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11B Alternative organizations of the arithmetic<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; another pattern<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11C Making the core of a two-way plot<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11D Going on with the residuals<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; the residuals<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11E Coding residuals: condensing fits and residuals<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; condensing<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11F We can combine!<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; presidential Connecticut<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a further opportunity<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11G Guidance for expression<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; amounts and counts<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>diagnostic plot<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; balances<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; counted fractions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>a helpful thought<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11H How far have we come?<br \/>\n11+ Optional sections for Chapters 10 and 11<br \/>\n &#8211; 11I exploring beyond PLUS-one (extends Chapter 10)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11J Taking out any summary<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; repeated midextreme removal<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; the general case<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; repeated mean removal<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11K An example of re-expression &#8212; city killings<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11L An unusual fit<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; coastwise distances<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 11M How much more may we have learned?<br \/>\n12. Advanced fits<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 12A Plus-one fits<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>row-TIMES-column-PLUS-one-fit<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>PLUS-one fit<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; the special response<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 12B Pictures for &#8220;-Plus-one&#8221; fits<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; another example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>PLUS-one plot<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; -PLUS-one plot of residuals<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 12C Making those pictures<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 12D Sometimes we can have parallel-line plots, still<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; but not always<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 12E More extended fits<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; telephones by continent<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; extended row-PLUS-column fits<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; interpretation of the example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; an interpretation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 12F Simplification is sometimes possible<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; other possibilities<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; the moral<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 12H How far have we come?<br \/>\n13. Three-way fits<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 13A Three- and more-way analyses: Arrangement and tagging<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a psychological experiment<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a tag example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 13B An analysis of the psychological example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 13C Making three-way analyses<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 13D Three-way re-expression<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 13E More about the example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; re-formulated responses<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>log (time of detection)<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 13H How far have we come?<br \/>\n14. Looking in two or more ways at batches of points<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 14A Coordinates and level traces<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>level lines<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>level curves<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>trace<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>level traces<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 14B Different middle traces for the same slices<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; changing the traced coordinate<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 14C An explanation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; curved traces<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 14D Changing the slicing coordinate<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 14E What matters?<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; some morals<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 14F Rematching and strength of ralationship<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; dependency ratios<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>dependency ratio<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>dependency trace<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; reconstituted traces<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a comment<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>actual middle<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 14H How far have we come?<br \/>\n &#8211; 14I The ubiquity of medians (optional section)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; odd count<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; even count<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n15. Counted fractions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 15A Started counts and counted fractions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>split count<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>ss-count<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; ss-fractions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 15B Three matched scales for counted fractions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 15C Quicker calculation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 15D Examples where careful expression clealy pays off<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a 2 x 2 opinion example<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; two-way tables of counts<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 15E Double folding &#8212; the 2 x 2 case<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>a double flog<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>fflog<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 15F Double folding &#8212; larger cases<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 15G Easy froots and flogs with a slide rule (optional)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 15H How far have we come?<br \/>\n16. Better smoothing<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 16A Reroughing<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; reroughing<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; twicing<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 16B Some examples<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; comparison of smooths<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 16C If we want things still smoother<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 16D Further possibilities<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; new components<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; heavier smoothers<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; problems<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 16H How far have we come?<br \/>\n17. Counts in BIN after BIN<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 17A Root smooth and root rough &#8212; bins of equal width<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; lengths of forearms<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; symmetry<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; concentrations of gold<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 17B Counts of basic counts<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; corn borers in field corn<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; octaves for logs<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; breeding pairs of birds<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; more problems<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 17C Fitting to smoothed roots<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; finding the peak<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; choosing an expression<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; making the fit<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 17D Corn borers, wheat prices, and Student&#8217;s simulations<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Student&#8217;s simulations<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; wheat price changes<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 17E Bins of unequal width<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Student&#8217;s <em>t<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; fitting the smooth<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 17F Double roots<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; table<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; polonium schitillations<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 17G Cautionary examples<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; forearm lengths again<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; peak polishing (rest of section is optional)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; polonium scintillations again<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; comment<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 17H How far have we come?<br \/>\n18. Product-ratio plots<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 18A Sizes and counts<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; &#8220;Zipf&#8217;s law&#8221;<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>c&#8217;rank<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a possible approach<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 18B Product-ratio analysis<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; half-octave calculation<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; display<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 18C Forcing the unusual to be noticed<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 18D Comparison between collections<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 18E Looking at the smallest basic count<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 18F When zeros are counted<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 18G Under the microscope<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 18H How far have we come?<br \/>\n19. Shapes of distribution<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 19A Looking at shapes of distribution<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; Chevrolet prices<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; shapes<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; binned data<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 19B The Gaussian reference<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 19C Using letter values to look at shapes of distribution<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>pseudospreads<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 19D Pushback technique (optional section)<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; a half-octave version<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 19H How far have we come?<br \/>\n20. Mathematical distributions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 20A Binnings vs. distributions<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; continuity and discreteness<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; fractions, densities, cumulatives<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; (<em>mathematical<\/em>) <em>density<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 20B Densities for distributions vs. densities for binnings<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; correctino for curvature<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; <em>average density<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; (<em>mathematical<\/em>) <em>density<\/em><br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 20C Tables and pictures comparing two sets of shapes of distribution<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; identification<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; further comment<br \/>\n &#8211; &#8211; review questions<br \/>\n &#8211; 20H How far have we come?<br \/>\n21. Postscript<br \/>\n &#8211; 21A Our relationship to the computer<br \/>\n &#8211; 21B What has been omitted?<br \/>\n &#8211; 21C How should the past chapters look different?<br \/>\n &#8211; 21D What have we been introduced to?<br \/>\nGlossary<br \/>\nIndex to reference tables<br \/>\nRearpapers<br \/>\n &#8211; 4. Pluralities, folded roots, folded logarithms (chap. 15 exhibit 2)<br \/>\n &#8211; 5. Values of log<sub>e<\/sub> sqrt(count + 1\/6) (chap. 15 exhibit 4)<br \/>\n &#8211; 6. Values of sqrt(count + 1\/6) (chap. 15 exhibit 5)<br \/>\n==========<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>John W. Tukey, 1977: Exploratory Data Analysis. Reading MA USA: Addison-Wesley, 506 pp. ISBN 0-201-07616-0. A5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12072","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12072","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12072"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12072\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12133,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12072\/revisions\/12133"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12072"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12072"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}