{"id":1125,"date":"2011-06-25T12:20:53","date_gmt":"2011-06-25T03:20:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=1125"},"modified":"2011-06-25T12:20:53","modified_gmt":"2011-06-25T03:20:53","slug":"sergio-sismondo-2010-an-introduction-to-science-and-technology-studies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=1125","title":{"rendered":"Sergio Sismondo (2010) An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Sergio SISMONDO, (2004), 2010: <i>An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies<\/i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 244 pp. ISBN 978-1-4051-8765-7 (pbk.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u8853\u793e\u4f1a\u8ad6\u3078\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u306f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u5c02\u9580\u3054\u3068\u306b\u7fa4\u304c\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u306f\u7528\u8a9e\u4f53\u7cfb\u306e\u5171\u901a\u5316\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u306f\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3060\u304c<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/ja\/reading\/kuhn2000\/index.html\">[Kuhn (2000)\u306e\u8aad\u66f8\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8]<\/a>\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u884c\u304d\u904e\u304e\u3066\u306f\u307e\u305a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3060\u304b\u3089\u65e5\u672c\u306e<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jssts.jp\">\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u8853\u793e\u4f1a\u8ad6\u5b66\u4f1a<\/a>\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3082\u300c\u30d6\u30eb\u30fc\u30bf\u30b9\u304a\u307e\u3048\u3082\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u601d\u3044\u3067\u9060\u5dfb\u304d\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u8853\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u805e\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u672c\u696d\u3067\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u3068\u8b70\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u5fc5\u8981\u3060\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3067\u4eca\u5e74(2011\u5e74)\u521d\u3081\u306b\u601d\u3044\u306a\u304a\u3057\u3066\u5b66\u4f1a\u306b\u3082\u5165\u4f1a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u81ea\u4ed6\u3068\u3082\u306b\u672c\u6d41\u3068\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7b2c2\u7248\u304c\u51fa\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u5c11\u8aad\u307f\u3068\u3070\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3060\u3044\u305f\u3044\u5168\u90e8\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u96fb\u8eca\u306e\u4e2d\u306a\u3069\u3067\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u306e\u3067\u30e1\u30e2\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f2000\u5e74\u3054\u308d\u304b\u3089\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u30fb\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u8853\u793e\u4f1a\u8ad6\u306e\u672c\u3067\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u3053\u3068\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\uff08\u7406\u5c48\u304c\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3048\u305f\u4ef6\u3082\u3001\u8a71\u984c\u306f\u306a\u3093\u3068\u304b\u308f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u7406\u5c48\u306b\u306f\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u4ef6\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3002) 1\u518a\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u52a9\u304b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e8f\u8ad6\u3067\u3001\u300c\u65e7\u7248\u3067\u306fScience and Technology Studies (S&#038;TS)\u3068Science, Technology and Society (STS)\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u306f\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u91cd\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u306e\u3067\u7b2c2\u7248\u3067\u306f\u539f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u533a\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u306f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306bS&#038;TS\u306e\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001STS\u306e\u307b\u3046\u306f\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u304b\u3089\u6d3b\u767a\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u3067\u3001\u300c\u524d\u53f2\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u5b9f\u8a3c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001Popper\u3001\u5b9f\u5728\u8ad6(\u79d1\u5b66\u306f\u771f\u7406\u3078\u306e\u63a5\u8fd1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u304b\u305f)\u3001Merton (\u6a5f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b)\u304c\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u6280\u8853\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u30ea\u30cb\u30a2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb(\u6280\u8853\u3092\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u3068\u3068\u3089\u3048\u308b)\u3001Mumford\u3001Heidegger\u30011970\u5e74\u4ee3\u306eSTS\u8ad6\u304c\u3042\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300cS&#038;TS\u3092\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u793e\u4f1a\u69cb\u6210\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306bcommit\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3082\u8aad\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u300c\u3053\u308c\u304c\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u8853\u793e\u4f1a\u8ad6\u672c\u6d41\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3084\u3081\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\u3068\u3066\u3082\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3042\u3068\u306e\u7ae0\u3082\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307f\u308b\u3068\u3001\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u304c\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eba\u9593\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3064\u304f\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8a8d\u8b58\u306f\u8457\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u975e\u5e38\u8b58\u6271\u3044\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u306b\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684<strong>\u77e5\u8b58<\/strong>\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306a\u5199\u3057\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u96c6\u56e3\u304c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306a\u3089\u3070\u308f\u305f\u3057\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3068\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u306f\u9055\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u306e\u5148\u306b\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u629c\u3044\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n== Contents ==<br \/>\n[Contents:v]<br \/>\n<strong>Preface<\/strong>:vii[-ix]<br \/>\n<strong>1. The Prehistory of Science and Technology Studies<\/strong>:1<br \/>\n  A View of Science<br \/>\n  Box 1.1 The problem of induction<br \/>\n  Box 1.2 The Duhem-Quine thesis<br \/>\n  Box 1.3 Underdetermination<br \/>\n  A View of Technology<br \/>\n  A Preview of Science and Technology Studies<br \/>\n<strong>2. The Kuhnian Revolution<\/strong>:12<br \/>\n  Box 2.1 The modernity of science<br \/>\n  Box 2.2 Foundationalism<br \/>\n  Box 2.3 The theory-dependence of observation<br \/>\n  Incommensurability: Communicating Among Social Worlds<br \/>\n  Conclusion: Some Impacts<br \/>\n<strong>3. Questioning Functionalism in the Sociology of Science<\/strong>:23<br \/>\n  Structural-functionalism<br \/>\n  Ethos and Ethics<br \/>\n  Box 3.1 Is fraud common?<br \/>\n  Is the Conduct of Science Governed by Mertonian Norms?<br \/>\n  Interpretations of Norms<br \/>\n  Box 3.2 Wittgenstein on rules<br \/>\n  Norms as Resources<br \/>\n  Boundary Work<br \/>\n  Box 3.3 Cyril Burt, from hero to fraud<br \/>\n  The Place of Norms in Science?<br \/>\n<strong>4. Stratification and Discrimination<\/strong>:36<br \/>\n  An Efficient Meritocracy or an Inefficient Old Boy&#8217;s Network?<br \/>\n  Box 4.1 Do citations tell us about influence?<br \/>\n  Contributions to Productivity<br \/>\n  Discrimination<br \/>\n  Box 4.2 Women scientists in America<br \/>\n  Getting In, Staying In, and Getting On<br \/>\n  Conclusion<br \/>\n  Box 4.3 Women at the margins of science<br \/>\n<strong>5. The Strong Programme and the Sociology of Knowledge<\/strong>:47<br \/>\n  The Strong Programme<br \/>\n  Box 5.1 Sociological finitism<br \/>\n  Interest Explanations<br \/>\n  Box 5.2 Testing technologies<br \/>\n  Knowledge, Practices, Cultures<br \/>\n  Box 5.3 Pierre Bourdieu and an agonistic science<br \/>\n<strong>6. The Social Construction of Scientific and Technical Realities<\/strong>:57<br \/>\n  What Does &#8220;Social Construction&#8221; Mean?<br \/>\n  1. The social construction of social reality<br \/>\n  Box 6.1 The social construction of the discovery of the laws of genetics<br \/>\n  2. The construction of things and phenomena<br \/>\n  3. The scientific and technological construction of material and social environments<br \/>\n  4. The construction of theories<br \/>\n  Box 6.2 Realism and empiricism<br \/>\n  5. Heterogeneous construction<br \/>\n  Box 6.3 The heterogeneous construction of the Pap smear<br \/>\n  6. The construction of kinds<br \/>\n  7. The construction of nature<br \/>\n  Box 6.4 Constructivism and environmental politics<br \/>\n  Richness in Diversity<br \/>\n<strong>7. Feminist Epistemologies of Science<\/strong>:72<br \/>\n  Can There Be a Feminist Science and Technology?<br \/>\n  The Technoscientific Construction of Gender<br \/>\n  From Feminist Empiricism to Standpoint Theory<br \/>\n  From Difference Feminism to Anti-Essentialism<br \/>\n  Gender, Sex, and Cultures of Science and Technology<br \/>\n  Box 7.1 Masculinity in science<br \/>\n<strong>8. Actor-Network Theory<\/strong>:81<br \/>\n  Actor-Network Theory: Relational Materialism<br \/>\n  Box 8.1 The Pasteurization of France<br \/>\n  Box 8.2 Ecological thinking<br \/>\n  Some Objections to Actor-Network Theory<br \/>\n  1. Practices and cultures<br \/>\n  Box 8.3 The Mathematical Tripos and the Cambridge culture of mathematical physics<br \/>\n  2. Problems of agency<br \/>\n  3. Problems of realism<br \/>\n  4. Problems of the stability of objects and actions<br \/>\n  Conclusions<br \/>\n<strong>9. Two Questions Concerning Technology<\/strong>:93<br \/>\n  Is Technology Applied Science?<br \/>\n  Does Technology Drive History?<br \/>\n  Box 9.1 Digital rights management<br \/>\n  Box 9.2 Were electric automobiles doomed to fail?<br \/>\n<strong>10. Studying Laboratories<\/strong>:106<br \/>\n  The Idea of the Laboratory Study<br \/>\n  Learning to See<br \/>\n  Tinkering, Skills, and Tacit Knowledge<br \/>\n  Box 10.1 Limitation of artificial intelligence<br \/>\n  Creating Orderly Data<br \/>\n  Crystallization of Formal Accounts<br \/>\n  Culture and Power<br \/>\n  Extensions<br \/>\n<strong>11. Controversies<\/strong>:120<br \/>\n  Opening Black Boxes Symmetrically<br \/>\n  Reasonable Disagreements<br \/>\n  Box 11.1 Cold fusion<br \/>\n  Experimenters&#8217; Regress<br \/>\n  Interests and Rhetoric<br \/>\n  Technological Controversies<br \/>\n  Box 11.2 The Challenger launch decision<br \/>\n  The Resolution of Controversies<br \/>\n  1. Detailed critiques of observations, experiments, and positions<br \/>\n  2. New tests, and calibrations of instruments and procedures<br \/>\n  3. Isolating one position as more scientific or central &#8211; or as deviant<br \/>\n  4. Showing one position to be more useful<br \/>\n  5. Ignoring deviant viewpoints and data<br \/>\n  How to Understand Controversy Studies<br \/>\n  Captives of Controversies: The Politics of STS<br \/>\n<strong>12. Standardization and Objectivity<\/strong>:136<br \/>\n  Getting Research Done<br \/>\n  Box 12.1 The molecular biological bandwagon in cancer research<br \/>\n  Absolute Objectivity<br \/>\n  Formal Objectivity<br \/>\n  What About Interpretive Flexibility?<br \/>\n  A Tentative Solution<br \/>\n  Box 12.2 A sociology of the formal<br \/>\n  Conclusions<br \/>\n<strong>13. Rhetoric and Discourse<\/strong>:148<br \/>\n  Rhetoric in Technical Domains?<br \/>\n  The Strength of Arguments<br \/>\n  The Scope of Claims<br \/>\n  Rhetoric in Context<br \/>\n  Reflexivity<br \/>\n  Metaphors and Politics<br \/>\n  Conclusions<br \/>\n<strong>14. The Unnaturalness of Science and Technology<\/strong>:157<br \/>\n  The Status of Experiments<br \/>\n  Local Knowledge and Delocalization<br \/>\n  The Unnaturalness of Experimental Knowledge<br \/>\n  The Unnaturalness of Theoretical Knowledge<br \/>\n  Box 14.1 Idealized islands, idealized species<br \/>\n  A Link to Technology?<br \/>\n  Box 14.2 Genetically modified organisms<br \/>\n  The Order of Nature?<br \/>\n<strong>15. The Public Understanding of Science<\/strong>:168<br \/>\n  The Shape of Popular Science and Technology<br \/>\n  Box 15.1 The manufacture of ignorance<br \/>\n  The Dominant Model and Its Problems<br \/>\n  Box 15.2 The Hwang affair<br \/>\n  The Deficit Model<br \/>\n  Box 15.3 Wynne on sheep farming<br \/>\n  Lingering Deficits<br \/>\n<strong>16. Expertise and Public Participation<\/strong>:189<br \/>\n  Problems with Expertise<br \/>\n  Box 16.1 AIDS patient groups<br \/>\n  Public Participation in Technical Decisions<br \/>\n  Citizen Science and Technology<br \/>\n  Box 16.2 Patient groups directing science<br \/>\n<strong>17. Political Economies of Knowledge<\/strong>:189<br \/>\n  Box 17.1 Science, technology, and the formation of a modern state<br \/>\n  Commercialization of Research<br \/>\n  Box 17.2 Fully commercialized science: Clinical research as marketing<br \/>\n  STS and Global Development<br \/>\n  Box 17.3 The fluidity of appropriate technologies<br \/>\n<strong>References<\/strong>:205<br \/>\n<strong>Index<\/strong>:236[-244]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sergio SISMONDO, (2004), 2010: An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies. 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