{"id":11140,"date":"2023-04-23T22:09:17","date_gmt":"2023-04-23T13:09:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=11140"},"modified":"2024-08-18T12:01:33","modified_gmt":"2024-08-18T03:01:33","slug":"thomas-s-kuhn-%e3%82%af%e3%83%bc%e3%83%b3-1977-1991-1998-%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8a%e3%81%91%e3%82%8b-%e6%9c%ac%e8%b3%aa%e7%9a%84%e7%b7%8a%e5%bc%b5-essential-ten","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=11140","title":{"rendered":"Thomas S. Kuhn [\u30af\u30fc\u30f3] (1977 \/ 1987, 1992, 1998) (\u79d1\u5b66 [\u9769\u547d?] \u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b) \u672c\u8cea\u7684\u7dca\u5f35 [Essential Tension]"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Thomas S. <strong>Kuhn<\/strong>, 1977: <em>The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change<\/em>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.<\/li>\n<li>\u30c8\u30fc\u30de\u30b9 <strong>\u30af\u30fc\u30f3<\/strong> \u8457, <strong>\u5b89\u5b6b\u5b50<\/strong> \u8aa0\u4e5f [\u3042\u3073\u3053 \u305b\u3044\u3084], <strong>\u4f50\u91ce<\/strong> \u6b63\u535a \u8a33, (1987, 1992), 1998: <em>(\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b) \u672c\u8cea\u7684\u7dca\u5f35 &#8212; \u30c8\u30fc\u30de\u30b9\u30fb\u30af\u30fc\u30f3 \u8ad6\u6587\u96c6<\/em>\u3002\u307f\u3059\u305a\u66f8\u623f, 480 + lxxxvii pp. ISBN 4-622-04963-5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u7248\u306e 1998\u5e74\u306b\u51fa\u305f1\u5dfb\u672c\u3067\u3001\u56db\u516d\u5224 \u7e26\u66f8\u304d (\u539f\u6ce8\u3068\u7d22\u5f15\u306f\u6a2a\u66f8\u304d) \u306e\u30cf\u30fc\u30c9\u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u307e\u3048\u306b\u30012\u5dfb\u672c\u3067 (\u4e0a\u5dfb\u306f 1987\u5e74\u3001\u4e0b\u5dfb\u306f 1992\u5e74\u306b) \u51fa\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306e\u984c\u540d\u306f\u300e<em>\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u7dca\u5f35 &#8212; \u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4f1d\u7d71\u3068\u9769\u65b0<\/em>\u300f\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u30012\u5dfb\u672c\u306e\u526f\u984c\u306e\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300d\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u30011\u5dfb\u672c\u306e\u984c\u540d\u306e\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300d\u306f\u307e\u3061\u304c\u3044\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3082\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u984c\u540d\u3092\u4fee\u6b63\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kuhn \u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6587\u732e\u306f\u300e<em>\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u306e\u69cb\u9020<\/em>\u300f (\u539f\u66f8\u521d\u7248 1962\u5e74\u3001\u4e2d\u5c71 \u8302 \u8a33 1971\u5e74) \u3060\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u4e2d\u5c71\u8a33\u3067\u3072\u3068\u3068\u304a\u308a\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u3088\u304f\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u306a\u672c (\u3068\u304f\u306b \u91ce\u5bb6 \u5553\u4e00 (1998) \u300e<em>\u30af\u30fc\u30f3<\/em>\u300f (\u8b1b\u8ac7\u793e \u73fe\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u306e\u5192\u967a\u8005\u305f\u3061) ) \u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3001\u300e<em>\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u306e\u69cb\u9020<\/em>\u300f\u306f\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3055\u3048\u3075\u304f\u3080\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u89e3\u91c8\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u672c\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u305d\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u306e\u3092\u3084\u3081\u3066\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u3068\u30012000\u5e74\u306b\u51fa\u305f <em>The Road since Structure<\/em> (\u306e\u3061\u306b\u51fa\u305f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u7248\u306e\u984c\u540d\u306f\u300e<em>\u69cb\u9020\u4ee5\u6765\u306e\u9053<\/em>\u300f\u3060\u304c\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060) \u306b\u3080\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3068\u304d\u8003\u3048\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u5ca9\u6ce2\u66f8\u5e97\u306e\u300e<em>\u79d1\u5b66<\/em>\u300f\u306b\u6295\u7a3f\u3057\u305f\u3089\u30012001\u5e748\u6708\u53f7\u306b\u306e\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3060\u3044\u305f\u3044\u540c\u3058\u8da3\u65e8\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092<a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/ja\/reading\/kuhn2000\/index.html\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8]<\/a>\u3068\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306b\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<em>The Road &#8230;<\/em> \u306e\u672c\u3082\u3001\u3068\u304f\u306b\u672c\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u540c\u3058\u8868\u984c\u306e\u7ae0\u306f\u3044\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u4f1d\u7684\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u8a18\u9332\u306f\u8457\u8005\u306e\u904d\u6b74\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u3046\u3048\u3067\u6709\u76ca\u3060\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u305d\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u8005\u306b\u306f\u610f\u5473\u4e0d\u660e\u306e\u7ae0\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002Kuhn \u306e\u8003\u3048\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u307e\u305a 1\u518a\u8aad\u307f\u305f\u3044\u4eba\u306b\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u672c\u306f\u3053\u306e\u300e<em>\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u7dca\u5f35<\/em>\u300f\u3060\u3068\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u306f1959\u5e74\u304b\u30891974\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3084\u8b1b\u6f14\u8a18\u9332\u3092\u3042\u3064\u3081\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002\u5404\u7ae0\u306e\u984c\u540d\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u521d\u51fa\u306e\u5e74\u3092\u3042\u3052\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3002<br \/>\n== \u7b2c1\u90e8 \u30af\u30fc\u30f3\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u8ad6\u96c6 ==<br \/>\n\u7b2c1\u7ae0 \u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u3068\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2 \/1968\u8b1b\u6f14<br \/>\n\u7b2c2\u7ae0 \u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u767a\u9054\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u8af8\u6982\u5ff5 \/1971\u8ad6\u6587 (\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e)<br \/>\n\u7b2c3\u7ae0 \u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u767a\u9054\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u4f1d\u7d71\u3068\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u4f1d\u7d71 \/1972\u8b1b\u6f14\u30011976\u8ad6\u6587<br \/>\n\u7b2c4\u7ae0 \u540c\u6642\u767a\u898b\u306e\u4e00\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u4fdd\u5b58 \/1959\u672c\u306e\u7ae0<br \/>\n\u7b2c5\u7ae0 \u79d1\u5b66\u53f2 \/1968 <em>International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences<\/em> \u306e\u7ae0<br \/>\n\u7b2c6\u7ae0 \u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u3068\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2 \/1971\u8ad6\u6587<br \/>\n== \u7b2c2\u90e8 \u30af\u30fc\u30f3\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u8ad6\u96c6 ==<br \/>\n\u7b2c7\u7ae0 \u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u306e\u767a\u898b\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u69cb\u9020 \/1962\u8ad6\u6587<br \/>\n\u7b2c8\u7ae0 \u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd \/1961\u8ad6\u6587<br \/>\n\u7b2c9\u7ae0 \u672c\u8cea\u7684\u7dca\u5f35 &#8212; \u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4f1d\u7d71\u3068\u9769\u65b0 \/1959\u8b1b\u6f14\u30fb\u8a18\u9332<br \/>\n\u7b2c10\u7ae0 \u601d\u8003\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd \/1964\u672c\u306e\u7ae0 (\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e)<br \/>\n\u7b2c11\u7ae0 \u767a\u898b\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u304b\u63a2\u7a76\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u304b \/(1965\u30b7\u30f3\u30dd\u30b8\u30a6\u30e0)\u30011974\u672c\u306e\u7ae0<br \/>\n\u7b2c12\u7ae0 \u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\u518d\u8003 \/1974\u672c\u306e\u7ae0<br \/>\n\u7b2c13\u7ae0 \u5ba2\u89b3\u6027\u3001\u4fa1\u5024\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u9078\u629e \/1973\u8b1b\u6f14<br \/>\n\u7b2c14\u7ae0 \u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u82b8\u8853\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066 \/1969\u8ad6\u6587<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c1\u90e8\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u306e\u300c\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u4f1d\u7d71\u3068\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u4f1d\u7d71\u300d\u3092\u306f\u3058\u3081\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u304c\u3001\u8981\u70b9\u3092\u306e\u3079\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3080\u305a\u304b\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c4\u7ae0 \u300c\u540c\u6642\u767a\u898b\u306e\u4e00\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u4fdd\u5b58\u300d\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u6839 \u7f8e\u77e5\u4ee3, \u4f50\u85e4 \u8ce2\u4e00 \u307b\u304b (2009) \u300e<em>\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u771f\u7406\u306f\u6c38\u9060\u306b\u4e0d\u5909\u306a\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b<\/em>\u300f <a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=2919\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a> \u306e \u6709\u8cc0 \u66a2\u8fea \u3055\u3093\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7ae0\u3067\u518d\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u767a\u898b\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u4eba\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u5225\u3005\u306e\u7cf8\u53e3\u304b\u3089\u306e\u63a2\u7a76\u304c\u5408\u6d41\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3042\u308b1\u4eba\u306e\u4eba\u306b\u5e30\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3082\u3001\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u6a5f\u904b\u306b\u5e30\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3082\u3046\u307e\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c2\u90e8\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3067\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u984c\u540d\u306b\u3082\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7b2c9\u7ae0 (\u521d\u51fa\u306f 1959\u5e74\u3067\u300e<em>\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u306e\u69cb\u9020<\/em>\u300f\u3088\u308a\u3082\u65e9\u3044) \u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u3054\u3068\u3092\u5148\u8f29\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u5148\u8f29\u306e\u898b\u304b\u305f\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u3082\u3068\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u524d\u8005\u304c\u52dd\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u300c\u901a\u5e38\u79d1\u5b66\u300d\u3001\u5f8c\u8005\u304c\u52dd\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u300d\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3048\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u65b9\u3060\u3051\u3092\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u3066\u3001Kuhn \u306e\u601d\u60f3\u3092\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u4f53\u5236\u306e\u5974\u96b7\u3067\u3042\u308c\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3068\u898b\u308b\u306e\u3082\u3001\u9769\u547d\u601d\u60f3\u3068\u898b\u308b\u306e\u3082\u3001\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<br \/>\n\u3010\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u307e\u3048\u306b\u3001\u5e02\u4e95 \u4e09\u90ce \u304c\u305f\u3073\u305f\u3073\u3064\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300c\u4f1d\u7d71\u3068\u9769\u65b0\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u5370\u8c61\u306b\u306e\u3053\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b (\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070 \u5e02\u4e95 \u4e09\u90ce\u3001\u5e03\u5ddd \u6e05\u53f8 (1972) \u300e<em>\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u9769\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u8ad6<\/em>\u300f \u5e73\u51e1\u793e)\u3002\u5e02\u4e95\u306f\u3082\u3068\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u3092\u5c02\u9580\u3068\u3057\u3001Popper\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u3092\u3046\u3051\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u3060\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3070\u3092\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f\u6587\u8108\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u8fd1\u4e16\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304b\u3089\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001Kuhn \u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u3068\u5e02\u4e95\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u306f\u3088\u304f\u306b\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c11\u7ae0\u306f Popper \u304b\u3089\u306e\u6279\u5224\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u53cd\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3042\u3089\u308f\u308c\u305f\u6587\u8108\u3092 Kuhn \u306e\u5074\u304b\u3089\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u91ce\u5bb6 (1998) \u306e\u672c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002(Popper\u306e\u5074\u304b\u3089\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3082\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3046\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u308f\u3059\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3002) \u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u306a\u8ad6\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304b\u3089\u307f\u3066\u3060\u3044\u3058\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001Popper\u304c\u91cd\u8996\u3059\u308b\u300c\u53cd\u8a3c\u300d\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u306a\u308a\u305f\u3064\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3064\u304b\u308f\u308c\u308b\u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u304c\u8b70\u8ad6\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u306e\u3042\u3044\u3060\u3067 (\u3060\u3044\u305f\u3044) \u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5171\u6709\u306f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u3070\u3042\u3044\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u306e\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30cf\u30af\u30c1\u30e7\u30a6\u3068\u30ac\u30c1\u30e7\u30a6\u305d\u306e\u307b\u304b\u3068\u306e\u533a\u5225\u304c\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3064\u304b\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u540c\u3058\u4f8b\u304c\u3001\u7b2c12\u7ae0\u300c\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\u518d\u8003\u300d\u306b\u3082\u3067\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u306b\u306f\u56f3\u89e3\u3082\u3042\u308b\u7b2c12\u7ae0\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<br \/>\n\u3010(\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u8a18\u61b6\u3061\u304c\u3044\u306e\u304a\u305d\u308c\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304c) \u5730\u8cea\u5b66\u79d1\u3092\u5352\u696d\u3057\u305f\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u8a71\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5ca9\u77f3\u306e\u8584\u7247\u6a19\u672c\u3092\u504f\u5149\u9855\u5fae\u93e1\u3067\u898b\u3066\u5ca9\u77f3\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u7fd2\u3067\u3001\u5224\u5225\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u304c\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5404\u6a19\u672c\u304c\u5178\u578b\u3068\u306a\u308b\u6a19\u672c\u3068\u540c\u985e\u304b\u3061\u304c\u3046\u304b\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5224\u65ad\u3067\u304d\u308b\u307e\u3067\u304f\u308a\u304b\u3048\u3057\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u307e\u3055\u306b\u672c\u66f812\u7ae0\u306e\u30cf\u30af\u30c1\u30e7\u30a6\u306e\u4f8b\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n<p>Kuhn \u306f\u300e<em>\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u306e\u69cb\u9020<\/em>\u300f \u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\u7b2c2\u7248 (1970\u5e74) \u3068\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u7248\u3067\u8ffd\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7ae0\u3067\u300c\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u3092\u3055\u3051\u3066examplar (\u6a21\u7bc4\u4f8b) \u3068 disciplinary matrix (\u300c\u5c02\u9580\u6bcd\u578b\u300d) \u3092\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c12\u7ae0\u3067\u3082\u305d\u308c\u3092\u3072\u304d\u3064\u3044\u3067\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001(\u5c02\u9580\u3054\u3068\u306e) \u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u96c6\u56e3\u304c\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u7d99\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u300c\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u300d\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u304b\u3064\u3066\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3070\u3092\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u3055\u3059\u306e\u3060\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(\u305d\u306e\u307b\u304b\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u601d\u3044\u3060\u3057\u305f\u3089\u66f8\u304d\u305f\u3059\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u304b\u3048\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002\u4e0a\u306b\u3042\u3052\u305f\u7ae0\u306e\u4e00\u89a7\u306b\u304f\u3089\u3079\u3066\u3001\u7ae0\u304c\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7bc0\u306b\u308f\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3060\u3051\u304f\u308f\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n== \u76ee\u6b21 ==<br \/>\n\u51e1\u4f8b<br \/>\n\u76ee\u6b21<br \/>\n\u81ea\u4f1d\u7684\u5e8f\u6587<br \/>\n== <strong>\u7b2c1\u90e8 \u30af\u30fc\u30f3\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u8ad6\u96c6<\/strong> ==<br \/>\n\u7b2c1\u7ae0 \u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u3068\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<br \/>\n\u7b2c2\u7ae0 \u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u767a\u9054\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u8af8\u6982\u5ff5<br \/>\n\u7b2c3\u7ae0 \u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u767a\u9054\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u4f1d\u7d71\u3068\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u4f1d\u7d71<br \/>\n &#8211; \u53e4\u5178\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8af8\u79d1\u5b66<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30d9\u30fc\u30b3\u30f3\u7684\u8af8\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u51fa\u73fe<br \/>\n &#8211; \u8fd1\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u8d77\u6e90<br \/>\n &#8211; \u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u767a\u751f<br \/>\n\u7b2c4\u7ae0 \u540c\u6642\u767a\u898b\u306e\u4e00\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u4fdd\u5b58<br \/>\n\u7b2c5\u7ae0 \u79d1\u5b66\u53f2<br \/>\n &#8211; \u3053\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u767a\u9054<br \/>\n &#8211; \u5185\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2 Internal history<br \/>\n &#8211; \u5916\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2 External history<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30de\u30fc\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30bc<br \/>\n &#8211; \u5185\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u3068\u5916\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2<br \/>\n &#8211; \u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u306e\u610f\u7fa9<br \/>\n\u7b2c6\u7ae0 \u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u3068\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<br \/>\n== <strong>\u7b2c2\u90e8 \u30af\u30fc\u30f3\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u8ad6\u96c6<\/strong> ==<br \/>\n\u7b2c7\u7ae0 \u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u306e\u767a\u898b\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u69cb\u9020<br \/>\n\u7b2c8\u7ae0 \u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd<br \/>\n &#8211; \u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u7684\u6e2c\u5b9a<br \/>\n &#8211; \u901a\u5e38\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e\u76ee\u7684<br \/>\n &#8211; \u901a\u5e38\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e\u52b9\u679c<br \/>\n &#8211; \u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u306a\u5b9f\u9a13<br \/>\n &#8211; \u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u767a\u9054\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6e2c\u5b9a<br \/>\n &#8211; \u4ed8\u9332<br \/>\n\u7b2c9\u7ae0 \u672c\u8cea\u7684\u7dca\u5f35 &#8212; \u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4f1d\u7d71\u3068\u9769\u65b0<br \/>\n\u7b2c10\u7ae0 \u601d\u8003\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd<br \/>\n\u7b2c11\u7ae0 \u767a\u898b\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u304b\u63a2\u7a76\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u304b<br \/>\n\u7b2c12\u7ae0 \u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\u518d\u8003<br \/>\n\u7b2c13\u7ae0 \u5ba2\u89b3\u6027\u3001\u4fa1\u5024\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u9078\u629e<br \/>\n\u7b2c14\u7ae0 \u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u82b8\u8853\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<br \/>\n\u8a33\u8005\u3042\u3068\u304c\u304d<br \/>\n\u539f\u6ce8<br \/>\n\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thomas S. Kuhn, 1977: The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change. Chicago: The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dokusyo-memo-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11140"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12026,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11140\/revisions\/12026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}