{"id":10924,"date":"2022-11-19T23:41:37","date_gmt":"2022-11-19T14:41:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=10924"},"modified":"2022-11-20T21:29:27","modified_gmt":"2022-11-20T12:29:27","slug":"%e5%9e%82%e6%b0%b4-%e9%9b%84%e4%ba%8c-2018-%e9%80%b2%e5%8c%96%e8%ab%96%e7%89%a9%e8%aa%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=10924","title":{"rendered":"\u5782\u6c34 \u96c4\u4e8c (2018) \u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7269\u8a9e"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>\u5782\u6c34 \u96c4\u4e8c, 2018: <em>\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7269\u8a9e<\/em>\u3002\u30d0\u30b8\u30ea\u30b3, 243 pp. ISBN 978-4-86238-236-8.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2018\u5e742\u6708\u306b\u51fa\u305f\u672c\u3002\u56db\u516d\u5224 \u7e26\u66f8\u304d\u306e\u30cf\u30fc\u30c9\u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u65b0\u520a\u3067\u8cb7\u3063\u305f\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u308f\u3059\u308c\u3066\u3044\u3066\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30022022\u5e7411\u6708\u3001\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u89b3\u306e\u5909\u9077\u300d\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3067\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3092\u3042\u3064\u304b\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u52c9\u5f37\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u8005\u306f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3092\u5b66\u3093\u3060\u304c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8005\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u306b\u3064\u3068\u3081\u305f\u3042\u3068\u3001\u304a\u3082\u306b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u672c\u3092\u82f1\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306b\u8a33\u3059\u3057\u3054\u3068\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3068\u304f\u306b Dawkins \u306e\u672c\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u304c\u3053\u306e\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f 2014 \u5e74\u306e\u300e<em>\u79d1\u5b66\u306f\u306a\u305c\u8aa4\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304b<\/em>\u300f <a href=\"http:\/\/macroscope.world.coocan.jp\/yukukawa\/?p=3857\">[\u8aad\u66f8\u30e1\u30e2]<\/a> \u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u3092\u3064\u305f\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u307e\u305f\u3001\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8907\u6570\u306e\u4eba\u306e\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u3001Charles Darwin (\u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3 1809-1882) \u3088\u308a\u307e\u3048\u306e 2\u4eba\u3001\u307b\u307c\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u306e 3\u4eba\u3001\u3042\u3068\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306e 1\u4eba\u306e\u5408\u8a08 6\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8003\u3048\u304c Darwin \u306e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3068\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308a\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3061\u304c\u3046\u304b\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u3044\u3046\u300c\u9032\u5316\u300d\u306f\u3001\u751f\u7269\u306e\u5f62\u3084\u6027\u8cea\u304c\u4e16\u4ee3\u3092\u7d4c\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u304b\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3057\u3082\u9032\u6b69\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u9000\u5316\u3084\u7d76\u6ec5\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u300c\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u300d\u306f\u3001\u306a\u305c\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u9032\u5316\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u9032\u5316 (evolution)\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3070\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5e8f\u7ae0\u3068\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3066\u7d39\u4ecb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u300cevolution\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3070\u306f\u53e4\u304f\u304b\u3089\u3042\u308a\u3001\u307e\u304d\u3082\u306e\u3092\u3072\u3089\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u751f\u7269\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u767a\u751f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u6210\u8aac\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u305f\u8aac\u660e\u306b\u3064\u304b\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3002Lyell (\u30e9\u30a4\u30a8\u30eb) \u304c 1832\u5e74\u306b\u7a2e\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306b\u3064\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Darwin \u306f evolution \u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3070\u3092\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3064\u304b\u308f\u305a (1873\u5e74\u306e\u300e<em>\u7a2e\u306e\u8d77\u6e90<\/em>\u300f \u7b2c6\u7248\u3067\u3059\u3053\u3057\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f) \u300c\u5909\u5316\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u7531\u6765 (descent with modification)\u300d\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002Spencer \u304c 1852\u5e74\u306e\u300c\u767a\u5c55\u4eee\u8aac\u300d\u3067 theory of evolution \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300e<em>\u7a2e\u306e\u8d77\u6e90<\/em>\u300f\u3088\u308a\u3082\u307e\u3048\u3067 Darwin \u306e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3092\u3075\u307e\u3048\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6642\u9593\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u7a2e\u304c\u767a\u5c55\u7684\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u50be\u5411\u3092\u3055\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002Spencer \u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u9032\u6b69 (progress) \u3068 \u9032\u5316 (evolution) \u306f \u540c\u985e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u9032\u5316\u300d\u306f 1878 \u5e74\u306b\u4e95\u4e0a\u54f2\u6b21\u90ce\u304c\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304c\u6700\u521d\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089\u7d0410\u5e74\u306e\u3042\u3044\u3060\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u51fa\u305f\u9032\u5316\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u672c\u306e3\u5206\u306e2\u307b\u3069\u304c Spencer \u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5e8f\u7ae0<\/strong>\u3067 <strong>Darwin<\/strong>\u306e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u308f\u308a\u3042\u3044\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u306e\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Darwin \u306e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u6dd8\u6c70\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u500b\u4f53\u9593\u306b\u306f\u5909\u7570\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5909\u7570\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306f\u5b50\u5b6b\u306b\u907a\u4f1d\u3057\u3001\u751f\u7269\u306f\u74b0\u5883\u304c\u53ce\u5bb9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u751f\u304d\u6b8b\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u751f\u304d\u6b8b\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6709\u5229\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u3082\u3064\u500b\u4f53\u304c\u751f\u304d\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u5b50\u5b6b\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u6d88\u6ec5\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046 \u3075\u308b\u3044\u308f\u3051 \u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Darwin \u306f\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u9032\u5316\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300e<em>\u7a2e\u306e\u8d77\u6e90<\/em>\u300f\u3067\u306f\u8ad6\u3058\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30021871\u5e74\u306e\u300e<em>\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u7531\u6765<\/em>\u300f\u306e\u7b2c1\u90e8\u3067\u306f\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9577\u3044\u7b2c2\u90e8\u3067\u306f\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u6027\u6dd8\u6c70\u3092\u3042\u3064\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u4eba\u7a2e\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5916\u898b\u4e0a\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u6dd8\u6c70\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f (\u90e8\u65cf\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u7f8e\u7684\u4fa1\u5024\u89b3\u306b\u3088\u308b) \u6027\u6dd8\u6c70\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u305f\u3002Darwin \u306f\u300c\u30b5\u30eb\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u306a\u308b\u300d\u306e\u305f\u3050\u3044\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306f\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u4f1d\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001Darwin \u306f \u30d3\u30fc\u30b0\u30eb\u53f7\u306e5\u5e74\u306e\u822a\u6d77\u3067\u3001\u5357\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3092\u5357\u306b\u884c\u304f\u306b\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u52d5\u7269\u304c\u8fd1\u7e01\u7a2e\u306b\u304a\u304d\u304b\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3084\u3001\u30ac\u30e9\u30d1\u30b4\u30b9\u8af8\u5cf6\u306e\u5cf6\u3054\u3068\u306b\u30be\u30a6\u30ac\u30e1\u3084\u30a4\u30b0\u30a2\u30ca\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5c11\u3057\u305a\u3064\u5dee\u7570\u306e\u3042\u308b\u7a2e\u304c\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3001\u7a2e\u306f\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u306b\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u305f\u3002\u9032\u5316\u306e\u3057\u304f\u307f\u3092\u3001\u5bb6\u755c\u3084\u683d\u57f9\u690d\u7269\u306e\u80b2\u7a2e (\u4eba\u70ba\u6dd8\u6c70) \u3068\u306e\u985e\u63a8\u3067\u8003\u3048\u305f\u3002\u30de\u30eb\u30b5\u30b9\u306e\u300e<em>\u4eba\u53e3\u8ad6<\/em>\u300f\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u98df\u6599\u4f9b\u7d66\u306b\u304b\u304e\u308a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u7af6\u4e89\u306f\u5fc5\u7136\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u305f\u3002\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8003\u3048\u306b\u306f1838\u5e74\u3054\u308d\u306b\u3044\u305f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u7a2e\u306e\u5206\u5c90 (\u7a2e\u5206\u5316) \u306e\u8aac\u660e\u304c\u3080\u305a\u304b\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u300e<em>\u7a2e\u306e\u8d77\u6e90<\/em>\u300f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f62\u614b\u304c\u5206\u5c90\u3059\u308b\u307b\u3069\u5909\u7a2e\u306e\u751f\u606f\u5834\u6240\u304c\u3075\u3048\u3001\u5b50\u5b6b\u306e\u6570\u3082\u3075\u3048\u3066\u3001\u7a2e\u306e\u5206\u5c90\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u3001\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u672a\u516c\u958b\u539f\u7a3f\u3068\u540c\u3058\u8da3\u65e8\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092 Wallace \u304c\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u304d\u305f\u306e\u3067\u30011858\u5e74 \u5171\u540c\u767a\u8868\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c1\u7ae0<\/strong> \u306f <strong>Lamarck<\/strong> (\u30e9\u30de\u30eb\u30af 1744-1829)\u3001<strong>\u7b2c2\u7ae0<\/strong> \u306f <strong>Cuvier<\/strong> (\u30ad\u30e5\u30f4\u30a3\u30a8 1769-1832)\u3002\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u3001\u30d1\u30ea\u306e (\u738b\u7acb\u690d\u7269\u5712\u304b\u3089\u9769\u547d\u653f\u6a29\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u518d\u7de8\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f) \u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3067\u751f\u7269\u306e\u5206\u985e\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001Lamarck \u306f\u9032\u5316\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3001Cuvier \u306f\u751f\u7269\u7a2e\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u305f\u307e\u307e\u5909\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3001\u306f\u3052\u3057\u304f\u5bfe\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u306a\u304a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3082\u3001Lamarck \u306f\u9032\u6b69\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001Cuvier \u306f\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Lamarck \u306e\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u696d\u7e3e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7121\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u5206\u985e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u6606\u866b\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u7121\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u306f\u305c\u3093\u866b (vermes) \u3068\u3057\u3066\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002Lamarck \u306f\u7121\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u3092\u5341\u306e\u7db1 (\u306e\u3061\u306e\u9580\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b) \u306b\u308f\u3051\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Lamarck \u306f\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3080\u3057\u308d\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b66\u3092\u6307\u5411\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u5730\u8cea\u5b66\u3084\u6c17\u8c61\u5b66\u3092\u3075\u304f\u3080\u3001\u5f79\u306b\u305f\u3064\u5b66\u554f\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308d\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u751f\u7269\u306e\u5206\u985e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u751f\u7269\u306e\u5b9f\u614b\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u305f\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u5206\u985e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3092\u3081\u3056\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u5b8c\u5168\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u30c6\u30ec\u30b9\u7684\u306a\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u306e\u968e\u68af\u300d\u306b\u3068\u3089\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u5927\u5206\u985e\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u3055\u306e\u7cfb\u5217 (\u7cfb\u7d71\u3068\u8003\u3048\u305f)\u3001\u5c0f\u5206\u985e\u306f\u5916\u90e8\u5f62\u614b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u305f\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u7cfb\u5217\u306f\u6642\u9593\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u7a2e\u306e\u9032\u5316 (transformation) \u3092\u8003\u3048\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9032\u5316\u306e\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7528\u4e0d\u7528\u3068\u3001\u7372\u5f97\u5f62\u8cea\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u3092\u3042\u3052\u308b\u3002\u7372\u5f97\u5f62\u8cea\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30a8\u30d4\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30c6\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u307f\u308b\u3068\u3001\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u9032\u5316\u306e\u304a\u3082\u306a\u3057\u304f\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u306f\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Cuvier \u306f\u3001\u5316\u77f3\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30de\u30f3\u30e2\u30b9\u306a\u3069\u306e\u3044\u307e\u306f\u7d76\u6ec5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u52d5\u7269\u7a2e\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7d76\u6ec5\u7a2e\u306f\u73fe\u751f\u7a2e\u3068\u5225\u500b\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3068\u8003\u3048\u305f\u3002Cuvier \u306f\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3092\u91cd\u3093\u3058\u3001Lamarck \u306e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3092\u5b9f\u8a3c\u306e\u3046\u3089\u3065\u3051\u306e\u306a\u3044\u89b3\u5ff5\u8ad6\u3068\u307f\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u5730\u8cea\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u6fc0\u5909\u8aac\u3092\u3068\u308a\u3001Lyell \u306e\u6589\u4e00\u8aac\u3068\u5bfe\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002(\u306e\u3061\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6589\u4e00\u8aac\u304c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u304c\u3001\u6fc0\u5909\u3082\u5b9f\u5728\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002) \u5730\u8cea\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u5c3a\u5ea6\u304c\u307e\u3060\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001Cuvier \u306f\u5730\u7403\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306f\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u6570\u4e07\u5e74\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u3082\u3057\u3044\u307e\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u5b9f\u8a3c\u7684\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070 Cuvier \u306f\u9032\u5316\u3092\u307f\u3068\u3081\u305f\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3068\u60f3\u50cf\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c3\u7ae0<\/strong>\u306f <strong>T. H. Huxley<\/strong> (\u30cf\u30af\u30b9\u30ea\u30fc 1825-1895)\u3001<strong>\u7b2c4\u7ae0<\/strong>\u306f <strong>Spencer<\/strong> (\u30b9\u30da\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc 1820-1903)\u3001<strong>\u7b2c5\u7ae0<\/strong>\u306f <strong>Haeckel<\/strong> (\u30d8\u30c3\u30b1\u30eb 1834-1919)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3092\u64c1\u8b77\u3057\u3001\u751f\u7269\u7a2e\u304c\u5275\u9020\u4ee5\u6765\u304b\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8aac\u306b\u53cd\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306f\u305f\u3089\u304d\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001(\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070) \u5f7c\u3089\u306f Darwin \u306e\u81ea\u7136\u6dd8\u6c70\u3092\u305f\u3060\u3057\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f Darwin \u306f\u81ea\u7136\u6dd8\u6c70\u3092\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001Spencer \u3084 Haeckel \u306f\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3066\u793e\u4f1a\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3060\u3057 Darwin \u306f\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u8003\u3048\u304c\u5f7c\u3089\u3068\u3061\u304c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u306e\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u751f\u7269\u304c\u9032\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u5f35\u3078\u306e\u652f\u6301\u8005\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3060\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001Darwin \u306f\u3001\u610f\u56f3\u306b\u53cd\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3084\u512a\u751f\u601d\u60f3\u304c\u3072\u308d\u307e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Huxley \u306f\u3001(Spencer \u3068\u306f\u3061\u304c\u3063\u3066)\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u9032\u5316 (\u751f\u5b58\u7af6\u4e89\u3068\u81ea\u7136\u6dd8\u6c70) \u306b\u306f\u502b\u7406\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3082\u76ee\u7684\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u6587\u660e\u7684\u306a\u9032\u6b69\u306f\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u7af6\u4e89\u306e\u672c\u80fd\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3059\u308b\u502b\u7406\u7684\u306a\u904e\u7a0b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306e\u307f\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Spencer \u306f\u300c\u6700\u9069\u8005\u751f\u5b58 (survival of the fittest)\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u3055\u304b\u3093\u306b\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f (\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070) \u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u6dd8\u6c70\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8aa4\u89e3\u3092\u3075\u304f\u3080\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Spencer \u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u9032\u5316\u306e\u3057\u304f\u307f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3044\u308f\u3070 Lamarck\u7684\u3060\u3002\u751f\u7523\u6027\u306e\u5411\u4e0a\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u304b\u3089\u8fb2\u8015\u3084\u7523\u696d\u5316\u304c\u304a\u3053\u308b\u3002\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306b\u500b\u3005\u4eba\u304c\u9069\u5fdc\u3059\u3079\u304f\u52aa\u529b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5909\u7570\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3001\u7372\u5f97\u5f62\u8cea\u304c\u907a\u4f1d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9032\u5316\u304c\u304a\u304d\u308b\u3002\u300c\u6700\u9069\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u300d\u304c\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u9053\u3092\u9038\u8131\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002Spencer \u81ea\u8eab\u306f\u512a\u751f\u8ad6\u8005\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u300c\u6700\u9069\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u300d\u304c\u300c\u4e0d\u9069\u8005\u6392\u9664\u300d\u3068\u8aad\u307f\u304b\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u512a\u751f\u8ad6\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Haeckel \u306e\u6709\u540d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a39\u306e\u56f3\u3084\u300c\u500b\u4f53\u767a\u751f\u306f\u77ed\u7e2e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u53cd\u5fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7cfb\u7d71\u767a\u751f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8aac (\u3044\u307e\u304b\u3089\u307f\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3073\u3057\u3044\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044) \u3092\u3075\u304f\u3080\u300e<em>\u751f\u7269\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u614b\u5b66<\/em>\u300f\u306f\u3080\u305a\u304b\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u8457\u66f8\u306f\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30bb\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u570f\u3067\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066 Darwin \u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u305f\u4eba\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Haeckel \u306f Virchow (\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30d2\u30e7\u30a6 1821-1902) \u3068\u306f\u3052\u3057\u304f\u8ad6\u4e89\u3057\u305f\u3002Virchow \u306f\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u306b\u53cd\u5bfe\u3057\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u300c\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u304c\u9769\u547d\u601d\u60f3\u3092\u91b8\u6210\u3057\u3001\u30d1\u30ea\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4e8b\u614b\u304c\u304a\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u61f8\u5ff5\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u9769\u547d\u306e\u53cd\u52d5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u304c\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6182\u3044\u305f\u3002\u300d (\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u53cd\u5bfe\u8005\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u60f3\u3067\u3082\u4fdd\u5b88\u5074\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3068\u3061\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001Virchow \u306f\u9769\u65b0\u5074\u306a\u306e\u3060\u304c\u9769\u65b0\u304c\u904e\u6fc0\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306f\u6226\u8853\u7684\u306b\u307e\u305a\u3044\u3068\u307f\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3001\u3068\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u305f\u3057\u304b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002) Haeckel \u306f\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u306e\u3080\u3059\u3073\u3064\u304d\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306f\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u3082\u3068\u3081\u308b\u304c\u3001\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u306f\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u5c48\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Darwin \u3068\u306f\u3061\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001Haeckel \u306f\u3001\u4eba\u7a2e\u9593\u306e\u751f\u5b58\u7af6\u4e89\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9032\u5316\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u512a\u751f\u5b66\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u3092\u52e7\u3081\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u306e\u3061\u306b\u30ca\u30c1\u515a\u304c\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u601d\u60f3\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002Virchow \u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\u3068\u306f\u3061\u304c\u3063\u305f\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u9032\u5316\u601d\u60f3\u306b\u306f\u5371\u967a\u6027\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3002\u3044\u307e Haeckel \u306e\u529f\u7f6a\u306f\u300c\u7f6a\u300d\u306e\u9762\u304c\u8a71\u984c\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u4f3c\u305f\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u3057\u305f T. H. Huxley \u306f\u300c\u529f\u300d\u304c\u8a71\u984c\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306b\u304f\u3089\u3079\u3066\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3060\u3068\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306f\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c6\u7ae0<\/strong>\u306f\u30011940\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u300c\u9032\u5316\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u8aac\u300d\u3092\u3064\u304f\u3063\u305f\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u3068\u3057\u3066 <strong>Dobzhansky<\/strong> (\u30c9\u30d6\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc 1900-1975) \u3092\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Darwin \u306e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u5909\u7570\u304c\u304a\u3053\u308b\u3057\u304f\u307f\u304c\u4e0d\u660e\u78ba\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002Mendel (\u30e1\u30f3\u30c7\u30eb 1822-1884) \u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306f 1866\u5e74\u306b\u51fa\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c Darwin \u306b\u306f\u3064\u305f\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30021900\u5e74\u306b Mendel \u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u6cd5\u5247\u304c\u518d\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3001\u7372\u5f97\u5f62\u8cea\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u304c (\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u306f) \u304a\u3053\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u7a81\u7136\u5909\u7570\u3068\u81ea\u7136\u6dd8\u6c70\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9032\u5316\u306e\u8aac\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u8df3\u8e8d\u7684\u306a\u9032\u5316\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001Darwin \u304c\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u306a\u9032\u5316\u3068\u306f\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96c6\u56e3\u907a\u4f1d\u5b66\u304c\u767a\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3001\u591a\u6570\u306e\u3053\u307e\u304b\u3044\u7a81\u7136\u5909\u7570\u3068\u81ea\u7136\u6dd8\u6c70\u306e\u304f\u307f\u3042\u308f\u305b\u3067\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u306a\u9032\u5316\u304c\u304a\u3053\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3001\u300c\u9032\u5316\u306f\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u306a\u5909\u5316\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3053\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u7dcf\u5408\u8aac\u300d\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3044\u305f\u308b\u307e\u3048\u306b\u3001Fisher\u3001Haldane\u3001Sewall Wright \u306a\u3069\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3084\u3001\u30bd\u9023\u306e Chetverikov \u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b9f\u8a3c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002 Chetverikov \u306f\u3001\u7a81\u7136\u5909\u7570\u306e\u3046\u3061\u6709\u5bb3\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3082\u6f5c\u6027 (\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u300c\u52a3\u6027\u300d) \u306a\u3089\u3070\u3044\u304d\u306e\u3053\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3057\u3081\u3057\u305f\u3002Dobzhansky \u306f Chetverikov \u306e\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3092\u3075\u307e\u3048\u3066\u9032\u3093\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Dobzhansky \u306f\u30bd\u9023\u306e\u30a6\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30ca\u3067\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3001\u7236\u306f\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u51fa\u8eab\u3001\u6bcd\u306f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u4eba\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u7d30\u80de\u5b66\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u3001\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u306e Vernadsky \u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u50cd\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30021927\u5e74\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001T. H. Morgan \u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u30b7\u30e7\u30a6\u30b8\u30e7\u30a6\u30d0\u30a8\u3092\u3064\u304b\u3063\u3066\u907a\u4f1d\u5b66\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u96c6\u56e3\u907a\u4f1d\u5b66\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3092\u958b\u62d3\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Dobzhansky \u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd\u306e1924\u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u3042\u3063\u305f\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u512a\u751f\u601d\u60f3\u306b\u53cd\u5bfe\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eba\u7a2e\u306f\u96c6\u56e3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u500b\u4eba\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4eba\u7a2e\u9593\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u5dee\u306f\u4eba\u7a2e\u5185\u306e\u5dee\u3088\u308a\u3082\u305a\u3063\u3068\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u4eba\u7a2e\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u304f\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u5224\u5b9a\u306f\u307e\u3061\u304c\u3044\u3060\u3001\u3068\u8ad6\u3058\u305f\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u9032\u5316\u306f\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u6587\u5316\u3068\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u304a\u304d\u308b\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u512a\u751f\u5b66\u306b\u306f\u3001\u502b\u7406\u7684\u554f\u984c\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308b\u307b\u304b\u306b\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u3082\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u640d\u5931\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3068\u8ad6\u3058\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30bd\u9023\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7372\u5f97\u5f62\u8cea\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u3092\u3082\u3063\u305f Lysenko (\u30eb\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u30b3) \u304c\u653f\u6cbb\u6a29\u529b\u306b\u3080\u3059\u3073\u3064\u304d\u3001\u6b63\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u907a\u4f1d\u5b66\u3092\u8feb\u5bb3\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6b63\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u907a\u4f1d\u5b66\u306e\u5fa9\u6d3b\u306f\u30011953\u5e74\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u306e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u3058\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304c\u30011964\u5e74\u306e\u30d5\u30eb\u30b7\u30c1\u30e7\u30d5\u66f8\u8a18\u9577\u89e3\u4efb\u3067\u3088\u3046\u3084\u304f\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u3002Dobzhansky \u306f Lysenko \u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u3092\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3059\u308b\u591a\u6570\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Dobzhansky \u306f\u30011973\u5e74\u306e\u8ad6\u6587 (\u3082\u3068\u306f\u8b1b\u6f14) \u306e\u8868\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u9032\u5316\u306e\u5149\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u898b\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306f\u610f\u5473\u3092\u306a\u3055\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f2\u3064\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd\u306e\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u539f\u7406\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u304c\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3067\u306a\u304f\u300c\u5275\u9020\u79d1\u5b66\u300d\u3092\u6559\u3048\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u6297\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u306e\u6b63\u3057\u3055\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3002Dobzhansky \u306f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306f\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u795e\u306f\u9032\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u751f\u7269\u3092\u5275\u9020\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3082\u3046\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306f\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u306a\u304b\u3067\u5206\u5b50\u907a\u4f1d\u5b66\u3070\u304b\u308a\u304c\u91cd\u8996\u3055\u308c\u308b\u50be\u5411\u306b\u53cd\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u751f\u7269\u4e16\u754c\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304b\u306e\u89e3\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3044\u3048\u3070\u300c\u30ca\u30c1\u30e5\u30e9\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u9032\u5316\u5b66\u5ba3\u8a00\u300d\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u307e\u305f Dobzhansky \u306f\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u306e\u3082\u3064\u7a81\u7136\u5909\u7570\u8a98\u767a\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3066\u30011946\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u4eba\u4f53\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6709\u5bb3\u306a\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u8b66\u544a\u3059\u308b\u767a\u8a00\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7d50\u3073<\/strong>\u306e\u7ae0\u300c\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u300d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u8aac\u4ee5\u5f8c\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u3068\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u8ad6\u4e89\u70b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b87\u6761\u66f8\u304d\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u5217\u6319\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6298\u308a\u304b\u3048\u3057\u306e\u3042\u3068\u306b\u76ee\u6b21\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n== \u76ee\u6b21 ==<br \/>\n\u76ee\u6b21<br \/>\n\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306b<br \/>\n\u5e8f\u8ad6 \u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u3068\u9032\u5316\u8ad6<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u306e\u6642\u4ee3<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b<br \/>\n &#8211; \u4eba\u985e\u306e\u9032\u5316\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<br \/>\n &#8211; \u4eba\u751f\u3092\u5909\u3048\u305f\u30d3\u30fc\u30b0\u30eb\u53f7\u306e\u822a\u6d77<br \/>\n &#8211; \u767a\u8868\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u985b\u672b<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u304c\u53ca\u307c\u3057\u305f\u5f71\u97ff<br \/>\n &#8211; \u8840\u65cf\u7d50\u5a5a\u306e\u546a\u3044<br \/>\n\u7b2c1\u7ae0 \u53cd\u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u306e\u65d7\u5370\u306b\u4ed5\u7acb\u3066\u4e0a\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5b66\u8005 \u30e9\u30de\u30eb\u30af<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30e9\u30de\u30eb\u30af\u306e\u50cf<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30e9\u30de\u30eb\u30af\u306e\u751f\u3044\u7acb\u3061\u3068\u9752\u5e74\u6642\u4ee3<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30d1\u30ea\u3067\u306e\u904a\u5b66<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30d3\u30e5\u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u5712\u9577\u306e\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066<br \/>\n &#8211; \u52d5\u4e71\u306e\u6642\u4ee3<br \/>\n &#8211; \u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9928\u52d5\u7269\u5b66\u6559\u6388<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30e9\u30de\u30eb\u30af\u306e\u751f\u547d\u89b3<br \/>\n &#8211; \u75db\u307e\u3057\u3044\u6669\u5e74<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30e9\u30de\u30eb\u30af\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5f8c\u4e16\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1<br \/>\n\u7b2c2\u7ae0 \u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u9769\u65b0\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u305f\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u306e\u5de8\u9b41 \u30ad\u30e5\u30f4\u30a3\u30a8<br \/>\n &#8211; \u5929\u624d\u5c11\u5e74\u306e\u8a95\u751f<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30b8\u30e7\u30d5\u30ed\u30a2\u30fb\u30b5\u30f3=\u30c6\u30a3\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u62db\u304d<br \/>\n &#8211; \u6bd4\u8f03\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u306e\u5b9f\u7e3e<br \/>\n &#8211; \u5316\u77f3\u306e\u767a\u898b\u3068\u5929\u5909\u5730\u7570\u8aac<br \/>\n &#8211; \u8aad\u307e\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5f14\u8f9e<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30ad\u30e5\u30f4\u30a3\u30a8 = \u30b8\u30e7\u30d5\u30ed\u30a2 \u8ad6\u4e89<br \/>\n &#8211; \u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50<br \/>\n\u7b2c3\u7ae0 \u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3092\u8e0f\u307f\u53f0\u306b\u6804\u9054\u3057\u305f\u9032\u6b69\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005 \u30cf\u30af\u30b9\u30ea\u30fc<br \/>\n &#8211; \u533b\u5e2b\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u305f\u82e6\u5b66\u751f<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u3068\u306e\u540c\u76df<br \/>\n &#8211; \u8056\u6226\u306e\u958b\u59cb<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30aa\u30fc\u30a6\u30a7\u30f3\u3068\u306e\u8ad6\u4e89<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30a6\u30a3\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30b9\u53f8\u6559\u3068\u306e\u5bfe\u6c7a<br \/>\n &#8211; \u81ea\u7136\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u5730\u4f4d<br \/>\n &#8211; \u9032\u5316\u3068\u502b\u7406<br \/>\n &#8211; \u83ef\u9e97\u306a\u308b\u4e00\u65cf\u306e\u8a95\u751f<br \/>\n\u7b2c4\u7ae0 \u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3092\u8aa4\u3089\u305b\u305f\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005 \u30b9\u30da\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc<br \/>\n &#8211; \u7236\u89aa\u3068\u53d4\u7236\u306e\u85ab\u9676<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30de\u30eb\u30b5\u30b9\u306e\u300e\u4eba\u53e3\u8ad6\u300f\u3092\u3081\u3050\u3063\u3066<br \/>\n &#8211; \u300c\u9032\u5316\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e<br \/>\n &#8211; \u81ea\u7136\u6dd8\u6c70\u3068\u6700\u9069\u8005\u751f\u5b58<br \/>\n &#8211; \u793e\u4f1a\u9032\u5316\u8ad6<br \/>\n &#8211; \u65e5\u672c\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<br \/>\n &#8211; \u6669\u5e74\u306e\u5b64\u72ec<br \/>\n\u7b2c5\u7ae0 \u512a\u751f\u5b66\u3078\u306e\u9053\u3092\u5207\u308a\u62d3\u3044\u305f\u767a\u751f\u5b66\u8005 \u30d8\u30c3\u30b1\u30eb<br \/>\n &#8211; \u690d\u7269\u5b66\u8005\u3092\u5922\u898b\u305f\u9752\u5e74\u6642\u4ee3<br \/>\n &#8211; \u52d5\u7269\u5b66\u8005\u3078\u306e\u9053<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30c0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u3068\u306e\u51fa\u4f1a\u3044<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30bb\u30e9\u30fc\u4f5c\u5bb6<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30d8\u30c3\u30b1\u30eb\u3068\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30d2\u30e7\u30a6\u306e\u8ad6\u4e89<br \/>\n &#8211; \u751f\u7269\u767a\u751f\u539f\u5247<br \/>\n &#8211; \u4eba\u7a2e\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b<br \/>\n &#8211; \u512a\u751f\u5b66\u3078\u306e\u9053<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30d8\u30c3\u30b1\u30eb\u306e\u60b2\u5287<br \/>\n\u7b2c6\u7ae0 \u9032\u5316\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u8aac\u306e\u4ed5\u4e0a\u3052\u4eba \u30c9\u30d6\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc<br \/>\n &#8211; \u6606\u866b\u5c11\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8005\u3078<br \/>\n &#8211; \u6226\u4e71\u306e\u306a\u304b\u3067\u80b2\u307e\u308c\u305f\u907a\u4f1d\u5b66\u8005\u3078\u306e\u5922<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30e2\u30fc\u30ac\u30f3\u306e\u4e0b\u3067<br \/>\n &#8211; \u7dcf\u5408\u8aac\u306e\u78ba\u7acb<br \/>\n &#8211; \u4eba\u7a2e\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u512a\u751f\u5b66\u3078\u306e\u8b66\u9418<br \/>\n &#8211; \u30eb\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u30b3\u6279\u5224<br \/>\n &#8211; 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