C. F. DOLE, 1900: The Ethics of Progress, New York: Thomas Y. Crowell [[Also, London: Williams & Norgate]]

[P]rogress [of human history] comes in two ways. It is partly outward, in the structure and machinery of society, in better defenses against hunger and plague, in civilized institutions of justice [=institutions to realize justice], in the disuse of war, in the closer federation of the world, in the ever-increasing supplies of commodities, and in the means of fairer distribution of the supply to those who create it. Progress on this side is largely physical and economic. Grant at once that if this were all it would not be enough, even at its highest development, to satisfy human desire. Say, rather, that this outward development is impossible without corresponding change in men themselves.

Besides the great physical and economic forces, making for the exterior growth of society, are the everlasting inward condition that tend to make men human, .... There is forever an interplay between the outward and the inward forces, between economic conditions and the moral law. The end and outcome of development and progress is the making of men of good will. A world of such men will be a rich world; far better, it will be a just and therefore a happy world. (p. 392-393)

(Words in square brackets are added by ICHII.)