Table 4.1-1. Inventory of water on the earth

Cited from Kayane (1973, 1989) and simplified. The value of ice is based on the compilation of Shumskiy et al. (1964).

KindLiquid water equivalent volume (km3)
Salty waterocean1 349 929 000
salty lakes 94 000
Fresh waterice24 230 000
fresh water lakes125 000
rivers1 200
soil moisture25 000
groudwater10 100 000
Water in atmospherewater vapor12 600
Water in biosphereanimals600
plants600

Table 4.1-2. Estimated global inventory of land and sea ice

Cited from Untersteiner (1984). Some zeroes as insignificant digits are added in order to align the position of decimal point.

KindArea (103 km2)Volume (103 km3)time scale (years)
Land iceGlaciers and ice sheetsAntarctic ice sheet14 00028 000103 - 105
Greenland ice sheet1 8002 700
Mountain glaciers350240101 - 103
Permafrostcontinuous8 000200 - 500103 - 105
discontinuous17 000
Seasonal snow (average max.)Eurasia30 0002 - 310-2 - 100
America17 000
Sea iceSouthern Oceanmax.20 0003010-2 - 100
min.2 5005
Arcticmax.15 00050
min.8 00020